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646/Go. Sa. Jivakanda
Verses 578-576
One day, or a day and night, is called an *aho-ratra*. Fifteen days make a *paksha*. Two *paksha* make a *mas*. Twelve *mas* make a *varsha*. Five *varsha* make a *yuga*. In this way, one should continue to count upwards until the *kalpa* is reached.
**Question:** What is the measure of the *nimisha*, *kastha*, and *kala*?
**Answer:** A *nimisha* is the time that elapses between the blinking of an eye, during which countless moments pass. Fifteen *nimisha* make a *kastha*, and thirty *kastha* make a *kala*. Twenty *kala* make a *naali*, or *ghatika* (hour).
**Question:** What is the measure of a *ritu* and an *ayana*?
**Answer:** Two *mas* make a *ritu*. Three *ritu* make an *ayana*. Two *ayana* make a *varsha*. One should also know the *palyopam*, *sagar*, and other practical measures of time.
**Question:** In the *devaloka*, there is an effect of day and night, so how is time measured there?
**Answer:** No, because time in the *devaloka* is measured according to the time here.
**Question:** Why is there a division of time (practical time) only in the *manushyaloka*?
**Answer:** "The *jyotishi* gods, like the sun and moon, constantly circumambulate Mount Meru in the *manushyaloka*. The day, night, *paksha*, *mas*, *ayana*, etc., are divisions of time created by them. Since the movement of the *jyotishi* gods takes place only in the *manushyaloka*, therefore, the division of practical time occurs only in the *manushyaloka*."
In other words, the measure of practical time is based on the past, present, and future. It is established by the countless *siddhantas*. The entire *jivatma*, from the lowest to the highest, is subject to this practical time. It is the time of the infinite *gurina*.
**Verse Meaning:** Practical time is of three types, based on the past, present, and future.