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## Verse 146
## Gatimagna/205
Those who contemplate, decide, act, know subtle secrets, are farsighted, have enduring convictions, and are distinguished by their extraordinary use, are humans. Or, when the time of the Bhoga-bhoomi ended and the time of the Karma-bhoomi began, from the first Manu (Kulkar) who was promised, up to Bharat Chakravarti, the 16 Manus (Kulkar) in the beginning of the Yuga (Chaturthakal), they all showed the people the way to overcome the difficulties of that time and gave teachings for a happy life, therefore they became like fathers. All humans in the Karma-bhoomi are their descendants. Because they are descendants of Manu, they are also called humans.
Humans are found only up to the Manushottara mountain. Beyond the Manushottara mountain, humans are not found. The place of humans is Jambudvipa, Dhaatki-khand, and half of Pushkar Vardvipa, these two and a half islands, and the Lavana-samudra and Kalodadhi, these oceans, whose diameter is 4,500,000 yojanas, that is their extent. That is, compared to the other three gatis, the place of humans is the smallest, that is, it is a fraction of the countless.
**Doubt:** What is the reason for the area of humans being 4,500,000 yojanas?
**Solution:** Only through the human gati can a jiva become liberated and attain the Siddha state. Liberation cannot be attained through the other three gatis. The measure of the Siddha-kshetra is 4,500,000 yojanas, therefore the measure of the human-kshetra is also 4,500,000 yojanas.
**Doubt:** Why shouldn't it be assumed that a jiva can be liberated from any place and go to the Siddha-kshetra?
**Solution:** The movement of liberated jivas is without any bend at any time. From the place where the jiva is liberated, it goes straight up and resides in the Siddha-kshetra directly above that place. If liberation happens from a place other than the place below the Siddha-kshetra, then the jiva would have to bend to go to the Siddha-kshetra, and that would contradict the scriptures.
**Doubt:** Why don't the narakas attain liberation?
**Solution:** Narakas always have inauspicious leshya. Krishna, Neel, Kapoot are inauspicious leshyas. One with inauspicious leshya cannot hold restraint, and without restraint, liberation is not possible.
**Doubt:** Devas have only auspicious leshya, then why don't they attain liberation?
**Solution:** Even though Devas have auspicious leshya, their food and other things are fixed. Those whose things are fixed cannot hold restraint, because they cannot choose their food and other things.
1. Commentary by Shrimad Abhaychandrasuri.
2. "Praang Manushottaraanmanushya." S. Su. Pra. 3 Su. 35.
3. "Avigraha Jivasya" Pra. 2 Su. 27 (T. Su.).
4. "Narakanitmaashubhataraleshya......." [Pra. 3. Su. 3 T. Su.].