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## Chapter Thirty-Five
**3**
The application of these means will lead to success, while their misapplication will lead to defeat. ||19||
The use of *Sama* (conciliation) alone is not considered effective in pacifying a powerful person. It is like pouring water on burning ghee. ||100||
Similarly, I consider it futile to offer something to a very powerful person. Just as a blazing fire cannot be extinguished by offering thousands of fuel sticks, how can a powerful person be pacified by mere offerings? ||101||
Just as heated iron does not become soft, a powerful person does not become soft by being subjected to punishment. Punishment can be effective only on an elephant that can be controlled by love and care, not on a lion. ||102||
Therefore, those who misapply these means, and are thus ignorant of their proper use, suffer themselves. ||103||
**10**
**1**
**181**
If *Sama* (conciliation) is used first, followed by *Bheda* (division) and *Danda* (punishment), the *Sama* used earlier becomes ineffective.
**Meaning:** If a just opponent is first tempted by offering something, using *Sama* (conciliation), and then threatened with *Bheda* (division) and *Danda* (punishment), the earlier use of *Sama* becomes futile. This is because the just opponent easily understands the cunning. ||18||
The proper application of these four means, *Sama*, *Dama*, *Danda*, and *Bheda*, in their respective places, is the cause of success, while their misapplication is the cause of defeat.
**Meaning:** Success is achieved by using the appropriate means with the appropriate person, while using the wrong means leads to rejection. ||99||
The use of *Sama* (conciliation) with a powerful person cannot be considered as a means of pacifying him alone. Even if a powerful person is friendly, if he becomes enraged, using *Sama* with him is like pouring water on burning ghee.
**Meaning:** Just as pouring water on burning ghee does not extinguish it but makes it sputter even more, similarly, a person in anger does not become calm by conciliatory behavior but becomes even more agitated. ||100||
In the same way, I consider it futile to offer something to a very powerful person. How can a blazing fire be extinguished by offering thousands of fuel sticks?
**Meaning:** Just as heated iron does not become soft, a powerful person does not become soft by being subjected to punishment. Punishment can be effective only on an elephant that can be controlled by love and care, not on a lion. ||102||
Therefore, those who misapply these means, and are thus ignorant of their proper use, suffer themselves. ||103||
**Notes:**
1. *Sama*, *Dama*, *Danda*, and *Bheda* are the four traditional means of statecraft in Indian political thought.
2. *Sama* means conciliation, *Dama* means bribery, *Danda* means punishment, and *Bheda* means division.
3. The text uses the analogy of heated iron to illustrate the point that a powerful person cannot be softened by punishment.
4. The text also uses the analogy of an elephant and a lion to illustrate the point that punishment is effective only on those who can be controlled by love and care.
5. The text emphasizes the importance of using the right means in the right place.
6. The text warns against the dangers of misapplying these means.
7. The text suggests that those who are ignorant of the proper use of these means will suffer themselves.
**Translation Notes:**
* The translation preserves the Jain