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## Chapter Twenty-One
**Dhyana** (meditation) is said to be **taniruujyate** (subdued) by the **dhib layattavritti** (mind controlled by wisdom). True **dhyana** is that which is **samdhana** (connected) to the **yathartha** (reality), otherwise it is **apadhyana** (not meditation). ||11||
**Yoga**, **dhyana**, **samadhi**, **dhirodha** (control of the mind), **svantigraha** (self-control), and **antasamlinata** (absorption in the self) are all considered synonyms of **dhyana** by the wise. ||12||
**Dhyana** is the process by which the self contemplates objects. This is the **karanasadhana** (instrumental) definition of **dhyana**. The self's contemplation of objects is also the **kartrivacya** (agent-oriented) definition of **dhyana**, because the self, which was previously a **karan** (instrument) due to its dependence on the **atma** (soul), now becomes a **karta** (agent) due to its independence. And from the **bhavacya** (action-oriented) perspective, the act of contemplation itself is the definition of **dhyana**. Thus, due to the different **shakti** (powers), the three definitions of **dhyana** are appropriate for the same subject, the **atma**. ||13-14||
Although **dhyana** is a synonym of **jnana** (knowledge) and is concerned with **dheyagocara** (objects of meditation), it also encompasses **bodha** (understanding), **darshan** (vision), **sukha** (bliss), and **virya** (energy) when considered collectively. ||15||