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The fifth point is that the consciousness which pervades the whole body is not affected by the different elements that make up the body. This is because the consciousness is different from the elements. [56] How can consciousness, which is non-material, arise from a material body? Because there is no cause-and-effect relationship between material and non-material things. [57] You might say that non-material things can arise from material things, just as we see non-material knowledge arising from the material senses. But this is not correct, because the knowledge that arises from the senses is also considered to be material. [58] This is because the soul is bound by material karma and has become one with it. Therefore, it is considered to be material. Since the soul is considered to be material, it is also appropriate to consider the knowledge that arises from the senses to be material. This proves that non-material things cannot arise from material things. [59] Another point to consider is that the transformation of the four elements into the form of the body is due to some other cause. If we consider that cause, what other cause could there be besides the soul bound by karma? There is none. In other words, the soul bound by karma is the cause of the transformation of the four elements into the form of the body. This proves that the body and the soul are distinct entities. [60] If you say that the soul does not exist before the body, but arises with the body and is destroyed with the body, then it is like a bubble of water, which arises from water and is destroyed in water. In the same way, the soul arises with the body and is destroyed with the body. This is not correct, because the body and the soul are two distinct and different things. A different thing cannot arise from a different thing. [61]