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## Chapter Four:
**42.** Wise men say that the structure of the universe is like a man standing with his hands on his hips, his waist narrow, his body wide, and his head narrow.
**43.** The universe is situated in the middle of the infinite and boundless space, surrounded by three types of winds: *ghano-dadhi*, *ghana-vat*, and *tanu-vat*. It appears as if it were woven from countless threads.
**44.** The universe is enveloped by these three winds from bottom to top, and it appears as if it were covered by three layers of cloth, resembling a *su-pratistha* (a solid foundation).
**45.** Wise men say that the expanse of the *tiryag-lok* (horizontal universe) is one *rajju* (thread), and the height of the entire universe is fourteen times that, or fourteen *rajjus*.
**46.** The universe is seven *rajjus* wide at the bottom, one *rajju* wide in the middle, five *rajjus* wide in the middle of the *urdhva-lok* (vertical universe), and one *rajju* wide at the very top.
**47.** In the very center of this universe is the *madhyam-lok* (middle universe), adorned with countless islands and oceans. These islands and oceans are twice as wide as each other, and they are arranged in a circular pattern. This means that Jambudvipa is like a plate, and the other islands and oceans are like rings around it.
**48.** In the middle of this *madhyam-lok* is Jambudvipa. Jambudvipa is round and surrounded by the salt ocean. In its center is Mount Meru, like a navel.
**49.** Jambudvipa is one hundred thousand *yojanas* wide and is divided into seven regions (Bharat, etc.), six mountain ranges (Himalaya, etc.), and fourteen rivers (Ganga, Sindhu, etc.). It is a very beautiful place.
**50.** Jambudvipa is adorned with Mount Meru as its crown and the salt ocean as its belt. It is like the king of all the islands and oceans.
**51.** In Jambudvipa, to the west of Mount Meru, in the Videha region, there is a country called Gandhila. It is as beautiful as a piece of heaven.
**52.** To the east of this country is Mount Meru, to the west is the *vibhanga* river called Urmimalini, to the south is the river Sitoda, and to the north is the Neel mountain.