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## Āgama Sūtra 39, Cheda Sūtra-5, 'Mahānishītha'
Study/Purpose/Sūtra Number Sūtra and Meaning are the prototypes. They are as follows -
Just as oil spreads in the earth, nectar in the lotus, and the five Astikāyas in all the worlds, in the same way, this five-fold auspiciousness is pervasive in the entire Āgama for the Mahāśruta Skandha. The nature of the qualities of all beings has been stated. So, to whom should the ultimate praise be given? To those who were in this world in the past. In this entire world, all those who were or will be excellent in the past or future are worthy of praise. Such excellent and virtuous ones are only the five - Arihant, Siddha, Āchārya, Upādhyāya, and Sādhu. There is no other supreme being besides them. They are of five types - Arihant, Siddha, Āchārya, Upādhyāya, and Sādhu. These five have been described as having the essence-truth qualities of the Supreme Being.
Humans, gods, and Asuras recognize this entire world through the eight Mahāprātihārya, etc., and their worship. They are extraordinary, inconceivable in their influence, possessors of Kevala Jnāna, and have been blessed with the highest excellence. They are called 'Arihant' because they have attained complete destruction of karma, their seed of rebirth has been completely extinguished, and they will not be born again in this world. Or, they have conquered the eight karma enemies by overcoming extreme suffering, destroyed them, broken them into pieces, melted them, ended them, and subdued them. They have destroyed the karma enemies forever. Such ones are called 'Arihant'.
Thus, the Arihant is understood in many ways, explained, and described. They are called, taught, made, and instructed.
And the Siddha Bhagavant, who have attained Siddhahood through great effort, like the restraint of yoga, with their inconceivable power of Mahākalyaṇa, Mahāānanda, Mahotsava, Nirūpama Sukha, and Nishkampa Shakladhyāna, etc. Or, they have attained Siddhahood by consuming the practice of Siddhahood through the destruction of the eight types of karma. Such Siddha Bhagavants are those who have become Siddhas by burning the karma bound by the fire of Shukladhyāna. They are Siddhas, complete, free, and have fulfilled all their purposes. Such are the Siddha Bhagavants! These Siddha Bhagavants are of many types - male, female, neuter, other-gender, householder, every-Buddha, self-Buddha, etc., who have attained Siddhahood by destroying all karma.
And the Āchārya, who always conduct themselves without any lapse in their conduct, with the thirty-six types of knowledge, etc., and the Āchāra, relying on the eighteen thousand Shilaṅgas, and with a body. They are Āchārya because they conduct themselves for the benefit of all truth and the community of disciples. They are Āchārya because they do not initiate the beginning of the existence of the earth-body, etc., beings, even at the time of the abandonment of the body. Or, they are Āchārya because they do not approve of the beginning. Even though they commit a great offense, they do not commit any sin in their mind. Thus, they are called Āchārya. They are described in many ways, such as name-establishment, etc.
And the Upādhyāya, who have well-bound the Asrava doors, use their mind, speech, and body in beautiful yoga, and are well-versed in the twelve limbs of the Shruta Jnāna, reading and teaching the pure twelve limbs with proper pronunciation, consonants, vowels, dots, words, and letters. They contemplate and focus on their own and others' means of liberation. They contemplate, remember, and meditate on the twelve-limbed Shruta Jnāna, including the infinite-going categories, which they have become familiar with. Thus, they are explained in many ways.
The Sādhu Bhagavants are those who have extreme, severe, and intense austerities and conduct, various vows, rules, fasts, and special observances, and who endure the hardships of loneliness, equality, and suffering. They are called Sādhu Bhagavants because they are free from all suffering and practice liberation. This is what we should contemplate in our minds.
What will the salutation to these five, 'Eso Panch Namokkāro', do? It will destroy all sins, including the Jñānavarṇīya, etc., in every direction. It is the destroyer of all sins. This verse is called the first purpose within the mind, 'Eso Panch Namokkāro Savvapāvappaṇāsano'. This purpose is of this nature.
Muni Dīparatnasāgar Kṛt (Mahānishītha) Āgama Sūtra - Hindi Translation
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