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The meaning of "Gadashtti Samuchaya Sham" is: (1) Cessation of passions, (2) Restraint, (3) Absence of attachment, (4) Equanimity, (5) Samya (similarity), (6) Dharma (righteousness), (7) Character, (8) Inner peace and tranquility.
Thus, the word "Sham" has one meaning, which is as follows: (1) Due to the various aspects of "Sham" in Vivek (discernment), one understands the true nature of things, the distinction between self and others is recognized, the unity of meaning is understood, and then one knows that everything other than the soul is foreign. Therefore, due to the object, the passions that are without cause do not arise, "rage, hatred, and purposelessness" do not arise, and anger, pride, deceit, and greed are pacified, peace is attained, and calmness is achieved. Thus, through Vivek, the passions are pacified. (2) Through Vivek, one knows the distinction between self and others, and then one is freed from the influence of others - one attains restraint. The mind's attachment to the object, which was like a clinging vine, ceases, it is restrained. Thus, the aphorism "The fruit of knowledge is restraint" becomes true. (3) When one knows the distinction between self and others, one is not confused by external things, one does not become attached, one does not get entangled. Therefore, attachment to external things is relinquished, attachment is released, and the bond of affection is broken. Thus, one attains the state of "Sham" in the form of absence of attachment. (4) When one attains the state of absence of attachment, one becomes free from attachment and aversion everywhere, and thus one becomes equanimous everywhere. One does not think of anything as desirable or undesirable, one becomes impartial, one considers "the worshiper and the critic as equal," etc. In this way, one attains equanimity. (5) When one attains equanimity, one attains Samya (similarity). To attain the same nature as the soul, to attain the same essence, is called Samya. Therefore, one attains Samya in the form of the state of the soul. (6) And when one attains Samya, one attains Dharma. Because Dharma is the nature of things. "Dharma is the nature of the soul." To attain the nature of the soul is called Dharma. Therefore, when one attains Samya in the form of the soul, one attains the Dharma of the soul. (7) When one attains the Dharma of the soul, one becomes virtuous. Because "to follow the nature of the soul is character." As the nature of the soul is known, as it is revealed, so too is the character, that is, the enjoyment of one's own nature, thus attained. (8) And our soul, which is one consciousness, is the best in relation to all others, as it is our own family, our own relatives. When this soul, which is our own family, is directly realized here, then supreme inner peace arises, and the soul rests in its own nature, it attains tranquility in its own nature, it merges into its own nature. This is what is meant by "Sham." "Towards the enemy and the friend, one should have the same attitude, in honor and dishonor, one should have the same nature, in life and death, one should not have any attachment, in the world and in liberation, one should have pure equanimity. When will such an opportunity come again?" - Shrimad Rajchandraji. Thus, when one knows the distinction between self and others - when one attains Vivek, then the passions are pacified, restraint is attained, attachment is gone, absence of attachment arises, equanimity arises, the nature of the soul is attained, and the attainment of the Dharma of the soul is achieved.