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Nivartaka Dharma
1. Spiritual values are given importance 2. Denial-oriented philosophy of life (Don'ts) 3. Individualistic approach 4. Emphasis on renunciation of action and individual's effort
for spiritual welfare 5. Faith in individual's own effort and acceptance of Karma
theory 6. Non-belief in God 7. Emphasis on purity of inner Self 8. Attainment of Moksa (liberation) as the goal 9. Opposition to caste system and belief in varna only on the
basis of profession 10. Importance of renunciation (SanOnyasa) 11. Emphasis on individualistic life 12. Approval of democracy 13. Worship of good conduct 14. Importance of meditation and Tapas 15. Evolution of the institution or cult of śramana 16. Meditation-oriented
Initially in the Pravartaka-dharma life-related values occupied prominence. In the Vedas also satisfaction of life-related necessities and prayers related to them were prominently expressed such as, “we live for a hundred years, our children are healthy, our cows give more milk, and we grow more vegetables” etc. On the contrary, Nivartaka-dharma adopted an indifferent attitude towards
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