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Realization of self dominated by Jñāna-marga and Tapa-marga (Reflaction V/s Body torture).
PHILOSOPHICAL & CULTURAL COMPONENTS OF ŚRAMAŅIC AND VEDIC RELIGIONS
The evolution of pravartaka and nivartaka religions is based on different psychological aspects. Therefore, it is natural that their philosophical and cultural components are different. On the basis of the differences of components their mutual differences can be understood with the help of the following table:
Pravartaka Dharma
1. Life related values are given 2. Action-oriented philosophy of life (Do's) 3. Universalistic approach 4. Emphasis on action but still belief in supernatural powers 5. Belief in God 6. Faith in mercy of God 7. Emphasis on external means of veneration 8. The aim of life : Svarga (heaven) or nearness to God 9. Approval of Varna and Jati (caste) on the basis of birth 10. Importance of Grahastha (family-life) 11. Emphasis on social life 12. Approval of sovereign power 13. Worship of the powerful, 14. Importance of karma-kanda 15. Evolution of the class of Brahmins (Purohitas) 16. Worship-oriented
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Jainism and its History
