Epigraphia Indica Vol 33

SR No.: 032587
Original Sutra Author: N/A
Author: D C Sircar
Publisher: Archaeological Survey of India
Publication Year: 1959
Total Pages: 514
Language: English
Classification: Book_English
File Size: 29 MB

Page 391

280 EPIGRAPHIA INDICA
[VOL. XXXIII As already indicated above, verse 7 of the present charter refers to the success of Kapilēsvara against Hampā, Dhārā, Kalubariga (Gulbarga) and Dhilli (Delhi). The same verse is found in the Chiruvroli grant of his son Hambira. Verse 6 of the Gopinathpur inscription also refers to the same achievements of Kapilēsvara. We have also seen that the Oriya part of the record under study mentions the king as the lord of Gauda, Karnāta and Kalavaraga. Kapilēsvara's claim of success against the kings of Hampā (Vijayanagara, capital of Karnata), Dhārā (capital of Mālava), Gulbarga, Delhi and Gauda may thus refer to a date before 1458 A.D. when the charter under study was issued, although the nature and degree of the success cannot be determined in all the cases.
Hampā was the capital of the Vijayanagara king Mallikarjuna who succeeded his father Dévarāya II in 1446 A.D. The Gangādāsapratāpavilāsamu states that both the Gajapati of Orissa and the Sultān of Gulbarga attacked the city of Vijayanagara, but that Mallikarjuna sallied forth from his capital and routed the besieging forces. This no doubt admits that Kapilēsvara besieged Vijayanagara. The Anantavaram grant also states that Kapilēsvara captured the city of Vijayanagara, the seat of the ruler of Karnataka, and received tribute. Dhārā was the secondary capital of the Sultans of Malwa and Sultan Mahmud I (1436-69 A.D.) of the Khalji dynasty was the contemporary of Kapilēsvara. Muhammadan historians refer to the defeat of the Malwa king at the battle of Muhura by the Bahmani Sultān Alāuddin Ahmed (1436-58 A.D.)." The Gajapati monarcb was an ally of the Bahmani Sultan and seems to have helped the latter at the said battle. It is interesting to note that Muhura is mentioned in the list of places subdued by Kapilēsvara.
Kalubarigā or Kalavaraga (Gulbarga) in the present Mysore State was the capital of the Bahmani Sultans. According to the Gangādāsapratāpavilāsamu, the Bahmani Sultāns were allies of the Gajapati king and their joint victory over the Sultan of Malwa at Muhura seems to support the statement. But the position was changed with the accession of Humayun Shah (1458-61 A.D.), the eldest son of Aläuddin Ahmad Shāh. Humayūn besieged the fort of Dēvarakonda with a large army and the chief of the fort appealed for help to the king of Orissa who readily despatched a force. "The infidel's forces being more numerous than that of Islam the latter were routed, and the whole of their baggage, elephants and horses looted." This is also supported by a chāļu verse which recounts the victories of Gajarāvu Tippa who is stated to have defeated the Yavanas (Musalmans) on the plain outside the town of Kambhammetta in the presence of Ambariya, i.e. Hambira, son of Kapilēgvara. Two inscriptions in the Warangal fort, one of Hambirs and another of Raghudēva, 10 refer to the capture of the fort on the 2nd February 1460 A.D. and to the victory of the
1 Bharati, Vol. XVIII, Part II, pp. 516 ff. ? JASB, Vol. LXIX, pp. 173 ff.:
Karnaf-5jjhasa-simhah Kalavaraga-jayi Mälara-dhvamsa-lila-jarghald Gauda-mardi Bhramaravara-ntipo dhvasta-Phill-indra-garvah. • Kalingadēsacharitra, p. 360. Cf. the Anantavaram grant in the Andhra Patrika Annual, 1928-29, Kalingadesacharitra, Appendix, p. 97: Prasahya Karnă ța-mahipatēh purim nirudhya Vidyanagarim nijair-balaih samunnata mānam=iv=ochchhrayan karath
samadade karkasa-chakra-vikramah || . Ind. Ant., Vol. XXVIII, pp. 240 ff. • Mack. M88., No. 16-4-3:
Vira-pumgavulaku vētalu mådelu maniki viharambu Muhurambu. 7 Ind. Ant., Vol. XXVIII, p. 244. . Chalupadyamanimanjars, Vol. II, p. 65 :
Yavanula gelvade Yarbarayalu chuda. n=etfaina Kambamumetta baita. .A.R. Ep., 1957-58, No. B 53. 10 Ibid., No. B 55; ahove, pp. 125 IF.