Indian Antiquary Vol 62

SR No.: 032554
Original Sutra Author: N/A
Author: Richard Carnac Temple, Charles E A W Oldham, S Krishnaswami Aiyangar, Devadatta Ramkrishna Bhandarka
Publisher: Swati Publications
Publication Year: 1986
Total Pages: 450
Language: English
Classification: Book_English
File Size: 18 MB

Page 361

DECEMBER, 1933]
DISASPIRATION
356. In Dardic, except in a few borrowed words, mostly heard in My., Trw., Grw. and connected dialects such as Cilas and Baškarik, all of which are spoken on the Indian frontier, sonant aspirates do not exist. An original sonant aspirate is represented by the corre sponding unaspirated sonant jh being represented by j or z, and dh by d, r, or r according to the language.
The resultant sonant is sometimes hardened to a surd (§ 351), as in Bhili (see above). Examples of sonant disaspiration are:--
Original gh.
Skr. ghotaka.; Wai. gur, Gwr. gora, Grw. gör, Paš. gōṭā, Kš. gar", a horse.
(Trw. gho is a special case, see Trw. Gr., p. 22.)
Skr. ghana-; Paš. gan, Grw. gian, but Kl. yona, My. yỗ, great.
Skr. dirgha-; B. drgr, Kl. driga, My. liga, Trw. jig, S. jigō (§ 287), long. Original jh.
ناوي في]
Skr. madhya-, Pr. majjha-, middle; Bs. mij, mic, middle, Kh. múji,middle, Kš. manz, in.
bōz-, Trw.
buj-, perceive, hear.
Skr. budkyatē, Pr. bujjhaï, he perceives; Ks. Original dh.
H. cadh, mount; Ks. tsar-, increase, grow in amount. H. buddha, old; Kš. bud", Bš. purdu. Skr. várdhatë, Pr. vaddhai, he increases; Kš. V bad-.
Skr. ardha-, Pr. addha-, addha-; Ks. ad, Trw. ar, half. Original dh.
Skr. dugdha-, Pr. duddha-; Kš. dod, S. dut', milk.
Skr. dhārā; Ks. där, a stream.
Skr. dhairya; Bš. dara, Kš. dari, patience.
H. dādhi; Bš. dāri, Kš. daru, a beard. Original bh.
Skr. bhrātar-, H. bhai; Bš. bra, Aš, bra, Wai. bra, Kh. brar, Gwr. bliaia, Kl. baya, Kš. bay", a brother; but Trw. bha.
Skr. darbhā-, Pr. dabbha-; Kš. dab, a kind of grass.
On the other hand, disaspiration of surd aspirates is rare in Dardic, except in the case of kh, ch, and ph. Thus :
Original kh. (Cf. Shb. ku, for khu.)
Skr. khara-, Av. xara-; Bš. kur, V. koru, Paš. kar, but Ks. khar, an ass,
Skr. mukha-, face; Bs. pa-myuk, Wai. myuk-ne, Grw. mūka, before. Skr. khura-; Bs. kyur, but others khur, khor, &c., a foot.
Original ch. In this case the ch is never really original, being <s. Thus :
Skr. aksi-, Av. aši-; Bs. Wai, ace, Kl. Kh. ec, Gwr. itsi-n, but Kš. achi.
Skr. paksin-; Gwr. picin, but Grw. pašin, Kl. pachiye-k.
Skr. rksa-; Kh. orts, a bear.
Original ph(f).
This occurs in writing only in one or two cases, as in Prs. xafa, Bš. kapā or kabā, sorrowful, but in Kš., and elsewhere, an initial ph or f is commonly pronounced as p. Thus, Prs. paida, manifest, born, and Ar. fa'ida, profit, are both pronounced pöda, in the villages. So also faqir, a mendicant, is commonly pronounced pakir. The same is probably the case over the whole Drd. area. Cf. Bš. paidā, produced, and profit; esop (Ar. insaf), justice. In Ş. the aspiration of surds is as a rule slight, and is often hardly audible (S. Ph. §§ 84 ff.). Some Ș. speakers sound ph as if it were "f (id. § 54), especially when initial.
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