Indian Antiquary Vol 52

SR No.: 032544
Original Sutra Author: N/A
Author: Richard Carnac Temple, Stephen Meredyth Edwardes, Krishnaswami Aiyangar
Publisher: Swati Publications
Publication Year: 1985
Total Pages: 568
Language: English
Classification: Book_English
File Size: 24 MB

Page 79

APRIL, 1923]
SAMAPA: OR THE ASOKAN KALINGA.
67
the region about the mouths of the river during the second century of our era." Though an impassible barrier, such as a high range of mountains or a broad sea, did not divide the regions occupied respectively by the Andhras and the Kalingas, they remained separate and distinct, each maintaining its own civilization, religion and arts. The Kâlingâs were Jains, building Århats with very little art decoration, while the Andhras built in a fine architecture Buddhist stupas decorated with beautiful sculptures. Had the Andhras spread themselves into Kalinga, such relics as have been found at Amarâvati and Guntapalle would have been seen in the country lying to the north of the Langulya.
Khâravela, who ruled over Kalinga about the period immediately after Aśoka, says in an inscription that the Andhra kingdom lay to the west of his own. " शतकर्णिपश्चिमदिशं हयगज नररथ बहुलं दण्डं प्रस्थापयति. "8 By west he may mean the districts of Godavari and Krishna. Even in the present day, the people of the districts of Ganjam and Vizagapatam call those of Godavari and Krishna, the men of the west; while the men of Godavari and Krishna understand by the eastern people the men of Vizagapatam and Ganjam districts. In the light of this fact, Andhras of the west' may mean the Andhras in the lower valleys of Godavari and Krishna rivers. The actual west of the country of Kalinga being mountainous, it would have been very difficult for Sâtakarni to send his presents across the mountains.
Whatever be the position of the Andhra country relative to Kalinga, it is certain that they were two distinct and independent kingdoms, and there is no reason to think that the Andhras were the people of Kalinga. It is now necessary to define the limits of the region called Kalinga under Aśoka.
In the Eastern Ghâts there are a number of passes that lead from the littoral over the Ghâts into the interior of India. The easiest of them all is the Kalingia Ghât which goes from Russulkonda by Durgâprasâd. It is quite practicable for carts. At the top of the Ghat there is a road on to the Boad frontier. "From Kalingia at the top of this Ghât there is another road that leads to Balliguda "Kalingia' in Oriya means belonging to Kalinga.' This pass was probably the chief means of intercourse over the hills between Central India and Kalinga.
The people called the Kâlingîs are found even now living to the north of the Nâgâvali or Langulya, which forms the boundary between the districts of Ganjam and Vizagapatam. "Kaling? (126, 546): A caste of temple priests and cultivators found mainly in Ganjam and Vizagapatam." 10 "The Kalingis are essentially Telugus and are found mainly on the borderland between the districts of Ganjam and Vizagapatam. The same class of people are known as the Kâlinjîs in the country north of the Vamsadhara river." 11 In the Telugu parts they are called Kâlingîs and in the Oriya country they are known as Kalinjîs. These Kalingis are not found south of Chipurupalle in the Vizagapatam district. These were the original people that gave their name to the region; most of them are now found confined to the south of Ganjam district, but some are found scattered all over the Oriya country along the coast.
7
"Misconceptions about the Andhres," ante, vol. XLII, part DXXXVII, Nov. 1913.
8 Actes du Sixieme congrés Internationale de Orientalistes tenu en 1883, a Leda. "Haagumpha
Caves."
10 Census Report, 1901.
⚫ Ganjam District Manual.
11 Castes and Tribes of Southern India.