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The Sutra-Kritanga Sutra Translation - Even if one has no doubt regarding the sutra and its meaning, one should speak in a way that suggests doubt. When speaking about Dharma, one should use language based on the principles of Vibhajya-vada (analysis) and Syadvada (conditionalism). While associating with virtuous individuals who are engaged in Dharma, one should use two types of language: Satya-bhasa (truthful language) and Amithya-bhasa (non-false language). One should teach Dharma equally to both the wealthy and the poor.
Commentary - The author now discusses the method of discourse. A virtuous individual, while delivering a discourse, even if certain about the meaning, should speak in a way that suggests doubt due to the possibility of misunderstanding. One should avoid arrogance and not claim to be the sole knower of the truth. Instead, one should explain the subject matter with a sense of doubt. Even if the meaning is clear and certain, one should not speak in a way that creates doubt in the listener's mind. One should explain things using Vibhajya-vada, which involves analyzing and explaining things separately. Vibhajya-vada is synonymous with Syadvada, which is a universal principle that is never contradicted by worldly experience. It is universally applicable and validated by personal experience. One should use this principle in discourse. Alternatively, one should explain things clearly and separately. For example, one should explain the concept of permanence (nitya-vada) from the perspective of the substance (dravya) and the concept of impermanence (anitya-vada) from the perspective of the category (paryaya). All things exist from the perspective of their own substance, field, time, and mode, but they do not exist from the perspective of other substances, fields, times, and modes. As it is said:
"Who would not accept that everything is real from the perspective of its own nature and the four categories? It is only through misinterpretation that things appear unreal. Otherwise, they would not exist."
Thus, one should speak using Vibhajya-vada. One should also explain Vibhajya-vada using two types of language. The author states that one should use both truthful and non-false language. When asked or not asked, one should use these two types of language during Dharma discussions or at other times. What kind of person should one be? One should be a virtuous individual who is engaged in the practice of right conduct and not a hypocrite who is merely pretending to be virtuous. One should associate with virtuous individuals who are truly engaged in Dharma and not with those who are merely pretending. One should be like a righteous king or a virtuous person, free from attachment and aversion, and use both types of language while teaching Dharma.