________________
Society, Epistemology and Logic in Indian Tradition
13. Learning sacrament (vidyārambha-samskāra) 14. Marriage sacrament (vivaha-samskāra) 15. Vow adopting sacrament (vratāropaṇa-samskāra) 16. Funeral sacrament (antya-samskāra)
These sacraments have some differences from the Vedic tradition of samskāras. Garbhadhāna- and pumsavanasamskāras are also different in nature to some extent. Vardhamānasūri has interpreted these sacraments from the Jaina point of view.
He mentioned 16 sacraments of a saint: 1. Celibacy adopting ceremony
(brahmacarya-vratagrahaṇa-vidhi)
2. Lower monk ceremony (kṣullaka-vidhi)
3. Initiation ceremony (pravrajyā-vidhi)
14
34
34 Vide AD, udaya 17-32.
4. Ordaining ceremony (upasthāpanā-vidhi)
5. Ceremony for elevation of mind, speech and body (yogodvahana-vidhi)
6. Lesson receiving ceremony (vācanāgrahaṇa-vidhi)
7. Permission ceremony for a teacher monk (vacanānujñāvidhi)
8. Ordaining ceremony for religious teacher
(upādhyāya pada-sthāpanā-vidhi)
9. Ordaining ceremony for a preceptor (ācārya-pada-sthāpanāvidhi)
10. A specific penance ceremony of a monk
(bhikṣupratima-udvahana-vidhi)
