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XXVI
quality, duration, &c. The knowledge of this one can be termed right knowledge. It will thus be seen the right know, ledge involves a complete understanding of the circumstances. which have brought into being the object of which knowledge is to be gained. That knowledge which falls short of this, cannot be called right knowledge. This will be made clear by the instance usually cited. A man stands in various relations with other men. He is father to one, brother to another, son to the third, a superior officer to the office clerks, but a, subordinate to the higher officials and so on. If we are to have right knowldge of the man we must know all these various relations. The man is neither father alone, nor brother alone, but a sub-stratum wherein all these relationships reside. From one view-point he is a father, from another a brother and so on. Every object in fact can be viewed from various stand-points, in some cases some view-points are more im. portant, in others, others. In the illustration taken, we considered in how many relations the man stood to other human. beings. Take another instance of a ghat a. We can say about it that it is permanent from one view•point and not so from another. Considered as earth, the original Dravya out of which it is manufactured, it is everlasting, because Dravya is such; but considered as the product of the Dravya it is liable to destruction. Every object is subject to three conditions, Creation, Destruction and Permanance ( 371h, qart and stron ). Ghata itself undergoes all these three states. But if we look it as only earth irrespective of the form it assumes it remains earth all-through, i. e, it remains permanent. Thus we see that a ghata possesses two apparently contradictory qualities, liability to destruction and freedom from destruction; but that: contradiction disappears if we bear in mind that the ghata is considered from two different standpoints and hence arises the apparent contradiction. Again if the ghata is of the black colour,, it means it is of no other colour. When we say a black ghata exists, we also mean a red ghata does not exist