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JAINA BIBLIOGRAPHY The Knowledge : The five degrees of the knowledge. The six substances and the four elements. The Karma. Doctrine of the Syädvāda. The moral : The five vows. Morals and customs of the Jains.-History: The first schisms. The division of the Digambaras and of the Svetämbaras. Essential differences between the two communities. The canonical writings of the Svetāmbaras. The secular literature. Development and transformations of the Jainism. The sects. The Jaina art. The sanctuaries. Buddhism and Jainism; resemblances and differences. The Jaina tradition.-Conclusion: “The Jainism .... has come out of the philosophical movement which has equally given birth to the Buddhism in course of the 6th century
B.C."
The Book of Knowledge Vol. 12. Calcutta. pp. 3023-25: Some founders of religions. Vardhamāna, the founder of Jainism, was a truer teacher than the Buddha. In the midst of much unintelligible stuff about nirvīņa there is a kernel of solid virtue in Vardhamāna's teachings-Grass, trees, animals, and even water have souls (life)-Jainism better than Buddhism.
H. Jocobi : Enclopaedia of Religion and Ethics, London, Vol. II Ed. James HASTINGS.
Pp. 465-474, Jainism---1. Introductory : 2. Jain view of their origin etc., 3. Canonical Literature of the Svetāmbaras; 4. The Doctrine of Jainism; 5.-a) Philology, b) Metaphysics, 6. History of Jainism.
(ii) DICTIONARIES
H.H. Wilson. Dictionary Sanscrit and English. Calcutta, 1819.
Preface. No. XXXIV-XXXVI. Short review on the history of the Jainism. The Jains would form a sect sprung from the Buddhism, the origin of which would go back to the first centuries of the Christian era. The 12th, 13th and 14th centuries constitute the beautiful period of the Jainism, The Jaina literature. The history of the Jainism, from the 16th to the 18th century.
Hemacandra's Abhidhānacintamani. Herausgegeben, ubersetzt und mil Anmerkungen begleitet von 0. Bohtlingk und Ch. Rieu.- St Petersburg, 1847. Besides its lexicographical value as much as dictionary of synonyms, the Abhidhānacintamani is worthy
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