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Date of Acarya Kundakund
49 one as expressed doubts by Muni Kalyanavijaya. Likewise, it can be said that the word Bhattara was in use since about third century BC. Acarya Gunadhara is called Bhattaraka. The coins of Kumargupta refer to the king as Parama Bhattaraka. Therefore, the Markara copper plate cannot be spurious. It is definitely original one. Moreover, there is no paleographical difference between the original lines and possible tempered lines. They simply mention the relation held between the two dynasties. The Nonamangala Copper plate No. 94 also supports the view of Markara Copper Plate, which refers the donation made to Jain temple by Avinita. The Copper Plate belongs to the period of about Vikrama Samvat 2nd 3rd century. It indicates that Candranandi belongs to the tradition of Mulasangha. The same Candranandi is said to have been included into the list of Kundanvayi Acaryas. As we know from the Sravanabelagola inscriptions, the Nandisangha had been a branch of Mulasangha and Kundakundanvaya since inception. The important lines of both the Copper plates for reference are as follows: i) Markara Copper Plate ...... Vidvatsu prathamaganya sriman Konganimahadhiraja Avinitanamadheya dattasya Desiga-ganam Kondakundanvaya-Gunacandra-bhatarasisyasya Abhayanandi-bhatara tasya sisyasya Silabhadra-bhatarasisyasya Jayanandi-bhatarasisyasya Gunanandi-bhatarasisyasya Candranandi-bhataraggre asta-asiti-uttarasya trayo satasya samvatsarasya maghamasam somaaram svatinaksatra suddhapancami Akalavarsa-prathuvivallabhamantri Talavananagara srivijayajinalaya-kkepunaduccha(cchat) sahasraedenadusaptarimadhye Vadaneguppe nama Avinitamahadhirajena datten padiyeаrodamuru. ii) Nonamangala Copper Plate ... Konganivarmma-dharmamahadhirajena atmanah sreyase pravardhamana-vipullaisvarye prathama - samvatsare phalgunamase suklapakse tithau pancamyam so (kho) padhyayasya parmarhatasya Vijayakirteh sakaladinmandala-vyapikirtterupadesatah candranandyacaryapramukhena mulasanghenanusthitaya Uranurarhatayata (3B) naya Korikunda-visaye Vennailkarnigramah Perurevani-adigala rhadayatanaya sulka-bahiskarsapanesu padasca devabhogakramenadbhirdattah yoSyalobhad pramadadvapi hartta sa panca-mahapatakasamyukto bhavati api catra manugitah slokah..
Both the Copper plates belong to about 466 AD (Saka Samvat 388). It refers clearly to the chronology of Ganga dynasty starting with Kongunivarman to Avinita. The Markara Copper Plate also mentions the names of six Acaryas in the chronology of Kundakundanvaya, namely Gunacandra, Abhayanandi, Silabhadra, Jayanandi, Gunanandi and Candranandi. If we count fifty years of regime of one Acarya, it comes to about 300 years in total up to Candranandi. Therefore, the date of Kundakunda can be fixed undoubtedly in First and Second century AD. 6. Question of Visnu and Siva Acarya Kundakunda mentions the name Visnu (Loyassa kunai Vinhu, Samayasara, 321;
Bhava. 150) and Siva (Mokha. 2,6) in different contexts in his works. Muni Kalyanavijaya Jain Education International For Private & Personal Use Only
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| SR No. | 012067 |
| Book Title | Sumati Jnana |
| Original Sutra Author | N/A |
| Author | Shivkant Dwivedi, Navneet Jain |
| Publisher | Shantisagar Chhani Granthamala |
| Publication Year | 2007 |
| Total Pages | 468 |
| Language | English, Hindi |
| Classification | Smruti_Granth & Articles |
| File Size | 14 MB |