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स्वर्ण जयन्ती गौरव-ग्रन्थ
an essential in making of gold (P. 69). This ingredient was known as Momai in Muslim time and was highly praised by Unanian physicians. The motif of the Bharumḍa bird darting from the sky and catching hold of and carrying human victim to another place otherwise difficult of access was well-known in medieval time story-literature and occurs in the Brhatkathāślokasaṁgraha of Buddhasvāmī, ascribed to Gupta period.
Another motif is an auspicious sign before starting the seavoyage. There is a list of eight auspicious girls in the Kuvalayamālā (p. 93) holding respectively sprouted water-jars, fan-palm, fly-whick, parasol, mirror, mṛdanga, harp, drum and cloth and ornaments. These were regarded as eight celestial nymphs of Indra's heaven and frequently referred in literature as aṣṭakanyā or sabhākanyā. These are depicted on the railing pillars at Mathura during the Kuṣāṇa period. Some of which were obtained from the Jain Kankālī Tīlā and others from Buddhist stūpa.
We also find the Jain literature the conventional description of sea as it was visible from the top of the Vijayapurī palace (Kuvalayamālā, P. 173).
Another motif may be referred to cult-practices and beliefs in Mantras amongst the tribes of Pulindas, Kāpālikas, Mātangas, Rākṣasas, Vidyadharas on hilltops and forests formed the part of Śābaravidyā. This may be impact of Vidyadhara cult on Śābaravidyā. The Jain temples became the centers for performance of Sādhanā and for the perfection of Vidyās.
The Jain literature has a description of caravan with a large number of camels, bullocks, horses and donkeys. it is also referred that sometimes the monks and nuns went with the caravan and became a serious cause for inviting the calamities. The sea-ports and Dvīpas
Jain literature mentions some important seaports like Sūrpārak, Bhṛgukaccha, Aṇahipur, Śrīpur, Vijayapur. There is a nice description of a Sārthavaha in the Kuvalayamālā taking his caravan, or a trading expedition, from Takṣaśilā to Sūrpāraka which was perhaps the biggest sea-port. It is Sopārā in modern days which comes in the
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