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स्वर्ण-जयन्ती गौरव-ग्रन्थ
Kāla (Time)
That which is cause or circumstance of the modification of the soul and other dravyas is kala that is time. It is immaterial and it has the peculiar attribute of helping the modification of other substances. As Umasvati defines, Kala or times is essential condition of duration, motion, change, newness and oldness. Kala consists of innumerable minute particles which are indivisible. Many Jaina scholars has made distinction between kala and samaya. Technically kala is named as 'Parmarthika Kala, while 'Samaya' is known as
Vyavharika Kala.' Parmarthika Kala is one. It has neither beginning nor end. It has eternal and formless. The Vyavharika Kala or empirical time is limited and conventionally it is divided into years, month, weeks etc. Aśrava
The causes which lead the influx of good and evil karma for the soul are called āśrava. Just as the mouths of channels, drains etc. which are instrumental for the flow of water into a tank may be regarded as its āśravas, so also those factors by means of which karma enters into the jiva viz. yoga or the activities of the body, mind and speech are called āśrava, inflow. In short, āśrava may be described as attraction in they jiva towards sense objects. Mithyatwa (ignorance), avirati (lack of self-restraint), kaşāya (passions like anger, conceit, deceit and lust), pramāda (unmindfulness) and yoga (activities of mind, body and speech) are the five causes for the influx of good and evil karma and hence they known as āsrava. Bandha
Bandha is the attachment of karma pudgala to the soul. When the karmic matter enters the soul, both get imperceptibly mixed with each other. This combination of the jiva with pudgala is bandh or bondage and the cause of this bondage are the kasayas. The cause of bandha or bondage are five, viz. (i) mithya-darśana, i.e. wrong belief or faith or wrong perception, (ii) avirati, i.e. vowlessness or non-renunciation, (iii) pramāda, i.e. carelessness, (iv) kaşāya, i.e. passions, and (v) yoga, i.e. vibrations in the soul through mind, speech and boyd.
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