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Presidential Address
77.7
schools of Buddhism, 'of which one was called the school of Prajnaptivādins or Idealists, and another of Vibhajyavādins or part-realists. Thus originally there must have been only two schools of Buddhist Philosophy, the school of Idealism and that of Realism. From the direct Realism of the Vaibhāshikas arose fhe Indirect Realism of the Sautrāntikas which is one step away from the Vaibhāshika Realism towards Yogāchāra Idealism. The latter, which was a resus. citation of the Vaibhājyavāda and Prajnaptivāda, passed into what is called Sünyavāda, but what more correctly should be called Nihilistic Mediism of the Madhyamikas, or Madhyamakas in accordance with the description given in the Madhyamikā Vșitti.
Such are the logical relations of the different systems of Indian Philosophy inter se. Each of the •systems, moreover, has a history which discloses a similar evolution of doctrines, determined partly by their inner principle of growth and partly by the influence of other systems. Thus, for example, Samkhya which was originally theistic, as is clear from the evidence of the Upanishads, the Bhagavadgīta, the Mahābhārata and the Purāņas, had become atheistic about the time of the Sāınkhyakārikās and the Bādarāyana Sūtras under the pressure of its own doctrine of Prakrti 'which being charged with evolutionary activity rendered God superfluous and made him drop off from the system like an unused limb, until restored later artificially by the author of the Samkhya-Pravacana-Bhäshya under the influence of * These doctrines were at first 'expressed in terms of the reality of time.
