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INTRODUCTION.
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non-Jaina scriptures, the text is jumbled up regardless of the standpoint from which alone it is true, the necessity of reconciling its sense to the judgment of one's own intellect becomes a matter of the utmost degree of importance. Hence, the Naya-Vida is the touch-stone of the dogmatic pronouncements of all one-sided scriptures.
There are three kinds of scriptural text, called S'ruta Inúna, namely, (1) Kunaya S'ruta, or Nayábhása S'rula, (2) Naya S'ruta and (3) Sunaya S'ruta or Syádváda Sruta. Kunaya S'ruta means one-sided knowledge only; Naya S'ruta is also one-sided knowledge, but it does not disregard the other sides of things, while Sunaya Sruta, or Anekúntaváda, also called the Syidvádaor Pramúņa S'ruta, recognizes all the sides of things. The qualities, or properties, of a thing are ascertained from its different aspects, and constitute its true knowledge. Sunaya or Pramúna S'ruta, i.e., the Syádváda recognizes all of them ; Naya S'ruta recognizes the one which has been ascertained from a particular standpoint, without denying the rest ; but Kunaya, or Nayábhása, recognises only one of them, to the exclusion of the rest. True Naya always predicates one of the innumerable qualities of a thing, without denying the rest. If it deny the rest, or any
