Life in Ancient India as Depicted in Jain Canons

SR No.: 011077
Original Sutra Author: N/A
Author: Jagdishchandra Jain
Publisher: New Book Company
Publication Year: 1947
Total Pages: 429
Language: English
Classification: Book_English
File Size: 16 MB

Page 175

EDUCATION AND LEARNING
173 and means of improving the complexion of damsels (tarunipadikamma), preparing ornamental designs from leaves (pattacchejja),so decorating the temple (kadacchejja).
8 Knowledge of various marks and signs such as distinguishing marks (lakkhana) of men, women, horses, on elephants,99 kine, i cocks, umbrellas, 88 slaves, swords, 87 gems38 and Kakınī jewel
9 The Science of omens, which comprised the knowledge of notes of birds.se 10 Astronomy, which included the movement (cara) and countermovement (padicāra) of stars 1 Alchemy, which comprised the preparation of gold (suvannapaga), silver (hranna), reverting the killed metals to their natural state (sajīva), and killing of the metals such as gold etc (nijiva) 40 12 Architecture, which comprised the science of building (vatthuvind), measurement of camps (khandhāramāna), and cities (nagaramāna). 13 Art of fighting, which comprised fighting (zuddha), wrestling (nyuddha), heavy fighting (uddhatjuddha), menacing glances (ditthijuddha), fist-fighting (mutthi), arm-fighting (bāhu), clapsed -fighting (layā), knowledge of arrows (īsatlha), sword playing (charuppavāya), archery (dhanuvveya), formation of array (vūha), counter array(padivūha), wheel-formation (cakkavūha), eagle-formation (garuda), and cart-formation (sagada) *1
CENTRES OF LEARNING Capitals, holy places, monasteries and temples were the centres of education in ancient India, Kings and feudal chiefs were, as a rule, patrons of learning Various capitals of prosperous kingdoms, which used to attract many a man of learning and thus become centres of education are mentioned in the sain texts Benares was the chief centre of learning.
80 Patracche lya is mentioned in the Kultimata (vs 236), also kādambari, op cul where
It is translated as "the art of painting figures on walls or the ground" (Kalc) IIowever, according to Cowell, it is the breaking and cutting of leaves (see E G Thomas's above
mentioned article ) 81 Cf Brhatsamtā, ch 67 82 Cf 2bed , ch 65 93 Cf zbrd, ch 66
Cf ibid, ch 60
Cr bid , ch 62 86 Cf ubud , ch 72 87 Cf bed, ch 49, also Asılakh hana Jātaka (No 126), I, p 455 39 Cf abd , ch 79 89 Cf bed, ch 87 "Sarı abhūtaruta" is mentioned in the Vinayavastu of the Mülasarvās
tivĀda (p 32) 40 The Carala and the Susruta give vanous for mulas for killing the metals Killed metal
sometimes means a metal deprived of its well-characterised physical properties, ie, colour, lustre, etc, PC Ray, History of Hindu Chemistry, Vol I, Calcutta, 1904, p 62 However, cf Dasahumaracarita (2, P Go) for sajiva and nurjila, Kale's edition,
Bombay, 1925 41 For a comparison between seventy two arts of the Jains and those of sixty four of the
Kamasutra (1 111), see Bechardas, Mahavira ni Dharmakathāo, p. 193f; also cf. sixty four arts of women described in the Fambuddiva commentary, 2, p. 139f; also Dr. Venkatagubbiah, The Kalas, J. R.AS, 1914