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So if a man becomes deluded and tempted into a course of action which he knows to be very far from the right conduct, he must be understood to have been labouring under the influence of Ilohaniya karma. Likewise, if a man is found to be experiencing only painful or unpleasant sensation all along the time, he must be taken to be under the influence Ashátå vedaniya karma. The certain duration of life which a jiva has to pass in hell is due to Narakäyu karma So is the case with the birth in a low family with grovelling surroundings which is due to the influence of the Nicha gotra karma. Similarly a dwarf to be taken as being under the influence of Vâman samasthån karma. If anyone has rough hoarse voice, it must be due to Duswar kurma. And thus are to be accounted for all other defects, drawbacks and disadvantages which a jiva may possibly labour under.
Now such is the nature of påpå-vice as conceived and interpreted by the Jains ; but some writers being unable to see eye to eye with the Jains differ from them and interpret human actions in an altogether
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