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to one who has remained behind”, momentarily at least (cf. Bh. 134 ad Vau 4). According to PSM, this is a layman who has been a monk : this meaning is confirmed by the expression samanovāsaga pacchākada (which appears for example in the lesson of Vav 1, 35 given by the Hindi commentary).
It can be seen moreover that necessity makes law (cf. infra 97 ff.). The Hindus likewise yielded to adverse conditions. In exceptional circumstances, the Brahmanic student (brahmacarin) becomes the pupil of a teacher who does not belong to the Brahman class, and he serves him with respect for the whole duration of his studies (Manu II 241).
