Mahavira and his Teaching

SR No.: 008019
Original Sutra Author: N/A
Author: C C Shah, Rishabhdas Ranka, Dalsukh Malvania
Publisher: Bhagwan Mahavir 2500th Nirvan Mahotsava Samiti
Publication Year: 1977
Total Pages: 509
Language: English
Classification: Book_English, Biography, Religion, & Principle
File Size: 12 MB

Page 253

246
BASHISTHA NARAYAN SINHA
Ajīva' is something more than these four sense-experiences. These characteristics are applied to only one of the two classes of 'Ajīva'. The two kinds of 'Ajīva' are “Rūpī' and 'Arūpī. 'Pudgalāstikā ya' is named as 'Rupī' which can be seen, smelt, tasted and touched. 'Rupī' is divided into two classes-- Anu' and ‘Sanghāta'-Arūpīs' which are different from sense-experience are put into three classes— Dharmāstikā ya' (medium of motion), 'Adharmastika ya' (medium of rest) and 'Akāśastikā ya' (space). 'Jīva' which is similar with soul, is divided into two classes--Mukta' (liberated) and 'Baddha' (suffering from worldly bondage). 'BaddhaJivas' are again subdivided as 'Trasa' (mobile) and 'Sthāvara' immobile). The mobiles possess bodies of different degrees. Therefore they are put into four classes such as five-sensed, four-sensed, three-sensed and two-sensed. The immobiles have also different bodies in which they live, such as water, fire, air, earth and plants.
They have tactual sensation only. To know this classification more clearly one may see the following table: (See page 247).
Animate (Jiva)
Umāsvāti defines "Jiva' as that which possesses 'Upayoga'.1 'Upayoga' means consciousness. Therefore a 'Jiva' or a soul may be known as a conscious substance. The other word which stands technically for consciousness is ‘Bodha'. 'Upayoga' is put into two classes determinate and indeterminate. The determinate 'Upayoga' consists of its eight categories Mati-jñāna' (Sensoryknowledge), 'Śruta-jñāna' (Scriptural knowledge), 'Avadhi jñāna' (Limited direct knowledge), 'Manaḥparyā ya jnana' (Direct knowledge of mind), Kevala-jñāna (Perfect knowledge), ‘Mati-ajñana' (Sensory wrong knowledge), 'Sruta Ajñāna' (Scriptural wrong knowledge) Avadhi-ajñāna' (Limited direct wrong knowledge). The indeterminate 'Upayoga' is also divided into four classes, viz. 'Caksurdarśana' (Visual Intuition), Acaksurdarśana' (Nonvisual Intuition), Avadhi darśana' (Limited direct Intuition), “Kevala darśana' (Perfect Intuition). Though all the 'Jivas' have 1. Upayogo lakṣaṇam-Tattvärtha-sūtra II.8. 2. Sa dvivrdhoşğacaturbhedaḥ--Ibid, II, 9