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(the three controls or restraints). The five samitis are- 1. Irya samiti (walking carefully so as not to hurt any living being). Śramana Bhagavān Mahāvira always walked very carefully keeping his eyes directed on the gronnd for a distance of six to nine feet in front. 2. Bhāṣā samiti (speaking relevantly and without hurting anyone's feelings) the speech should be pleasant, wellmeasured, and harmless. Śramana Bhagavan Mahāvira never uttered a sinful word. He observed mauna-vrata a VOW of silence) during this period. Tirthankaran 28 a rule, observe mauna vrata (a vow of silence) during their chadmastha state. 3. Esană samiti (taking of pure food only-perfectly free from any fault) Śramana Bhagavan Mahāvīra had taken only pure foodfree from fault-on the day of his break-fast. He never took food that was, in the least, suspicious. Jirna seth made grand preparations for the day of the break-fast, and invited the Bhagavān with great devotion, but the Venerable Jinéśvara had his breakfast at the house of the Abhinava éth. This shows the careful observance of his sana samiti 4. Adana bhanda¬maita-niksepaņā samiti relates to the careful taking and replacing of alms-dishes, drinking pots, begging bowls etc. in such a way as not to injure any living being. Śramana Bhagavan Mahavira always received food in the folded cavity of his hands. He never kept any bowls or dishes, nor any bedding. S. Uccara pasavana khéla jala singhāņa pārisṭhāpanikā samiti-careful disposal of foeces, urine, mucus etc in a locality free from vermin and insects. The taking of food and voiding of foeces done by Tirthankaras-these two actsare invisible and imperceptible to human beings. It is their inborn excelience. They have no dirt in ears, nose, and none on their bodies. They have no mucus or nasal discharges. Tirthankaras have a natural absence of disease. They have no perspiration. In this way, Śramana Bhagavăn Mahāvīra very carefully observed
the five samitis.
With regard to tri guptis (the three restraints) over speech mind, and body, it must be said that Śramaņa Bhagavān Mahāvīra never allowed his mind, speech, and body to be engaged in any -intul act. He, thus, had a careful watch over astha pravacana mātā,
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