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PT. II. SECT. VI. THE WRITINGS OF KWANG-BZE.
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and penalties with their advantages and sufferings, and the inflictions of the five punishments are but trivial elements of instruction ; ceremonies, laws, measures, and numbers, with all the minutiae of jurisprudence ?, are small matters in government; the notes of bells and drums, and the display of plumes and flags are the slightest things in music, and the various grades of the mourning garments are the most unimportant manifestations of grief. These five unimportant adjuncts required the operation of the excited spirit and the employment of the arts of the mind, to bring them into use. The men of old had them indeed, but they did not give them the first place.
The ruler precedes, and the minister follows; the father precedes, and the son follows; the elder brother precedes, and the younger follows; the senior precedes, and the junior follows; the male precedes, and the female follows; the husband precedes, and the wife follows.
This precedence of the more honourable and sequence of the meaner is seen in the (relative) action of heaven and earth, and hence the sages took them as their pattern. The more honourable position of heaven and the lower one of earth are equivalent to a designation of their spirit-like and intelligent qualities. The precedence of spring and summer and the sequence of autumn and winter mark the
enumerations of them are given. See the Officers of Kâu,' Bk. XXXII.
1 Branding, cutting off the nose, cutting off the feet, castration, death.
* I read here #fi) (not 7E) 2.
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