________________
BOOK XXX. ZZE I
OR
THE BLACK ROBES'.
1. These were the words of the Master :When the superior is easily served, his inferiors are easily knowns, and in this case punishments are not numerous in the state).'
2. The Master said, “When the superior) loves the worthy as (the people of old loved him of) the black robes (Shih, I, vii, ode 1), and hates the bad as Hsiang-po (hated them ;-11, v, ode 6), then without the frequent conferring of rank the people are stimulated to be good, and without the use of punishments they are all obedient to his orders. It is said in the Ta Ya (III, i, ode 1, 7), "From Wăn your pattern you must draw,
And all the states will own your law.”' 3. The Master said, “If the people be taught by lessons of virtue, and uniformity sought to be given to them by the rules of ceremony, their minds will go on to be good. If they be taught by the laws, and uniformity be sought to be given to them by punishments, their minds will be thinking of how
* See the introductory notice, vol. xxvii, pp. 45, 46.
Thus the Book begins as if it were another section of the preceding Treatise.
They are easily known,' there being nothing in the ruler's method to make them deceitful.
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