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ELABORATION:
(1) Ahimsa-To cause, under the influence of illusion, harm or pain or death to some being by thought, speech, or action is known as himsa (this Hindi term envelopes the meaning conveyed by English words like violence, harm, termination of life, transgression, aggression, rudeness, and many others). The absence of himsa is ahimsa. Ahimsa also includes the attitudes of compassion, amnesty, fraternity, and equality towards all living beings
Elaborating further, not to cause pain or harm or destroy any of the six types of beings—including the earth, water, fire, air, plant, and mobile bodied--is the negating aspect of ahimsa. Protection of life, universal fraternity, compassion, and equality are the positive aspects of ahimsa.
Discipline-To stop the mind and the senses from indulging in evil thinking and sinful activity is called discipline. There are seventeen factors of discipline-to refrain from the five activities that cause the inflow of karmas, namely himsa, falsehood, stealing, lechery, and avarice (totalling five). Disciplining the four passions namely anger, conceit, deceit, and greed (three). Onsei ving the five samitis (self-regulation) (five). Restraining the evil activities of mind, speech, and body (three).
From a different count we also obtain a total of seventeen factors-discipline related to five types of one-sensed living organisms, namely earth, water, fire, air and plant (five); discipline related to four types of many-sensed beings, namely two, three, four, and five sensed beings (four); discipline related to non-living things; discipline of perception; discipline of imagination; discipline of non-stealing; discipline of non-trimming; discipline of thought; discipline of speech; and discipline of action (eight). 1
Austerities (tap)-The act of purifying the soul by means of the shedding of karmas is known as tap or austerities. To go into
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1. Dashavaikalik Sutra by Acharyashri Atmaram ji M., page 5
प्रथम अध्ययन : द्रुमपुष्पिका First Chapter : Dum Pupfiya
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