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CHAPTER XIX.
Section (C)
On Presumption.
COMMENTARY.
The following has been urged in regard to Presumption' (which has been regarded as an independent Means or Form of Cognition, by Mimāmsakas) -
TEXT (1587).
“IF A CERTAIN FACT, COGNISED THROUGH THE SIX MEANS OF COGNITION, IS FOUND TO BE OTHERWISE INEXPLICABLE, AND THENCE LEADS
TO THE ASSUMPTION OF SOME OTHER FACT, THIS IS CALLED 'Arthāpatti' PRESUMPTION"-(1587)
[KUMĀRILA: Shlokavārtika-ARTHĀPATTI, 1.)
COMMENTARY.
In regard to Timo, Placo, etc., when a certain fact has been duly cognised through the six Means of Cognition,-in the shape of Perception, Inference, Analogy, Word, Presumption and Negation,--and it is found to be otherwise inexplicable--if a certain other fact were not there,-then the assumption of this other fact is made pertaining to what is not perceptible ;-this assumption is the Means of Cognition called Presumption'.
*Called'-i.e. by Shabarasvamin; who says (under Sū. 1. 1. 3)— Presumption consists in the presuming of something not seen, on the ground that a fact already perceived or heard of would not be possible without that presumption; for instance, it is found that Devadatta, who is alive, is not in the house, and this non-existence in the house (which is seen) leads to the presumption that he is somewhere outside the house!
In this passage, the term seen stands for cognised through the five means of Cognitions other than Word '; and heard of' stands for cognised by means of the Word ' -(1587)
In the following Texts, examples are set forth, in order, of Presumption based upon the six Means of Cognition