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S. 208.]
LESSON FIVE
109
(iii) PERFECT. āhu, udāhu and analogical āhamsu used for sing. and plu. as well.
206 More often the meaning of the past tense in AMg. is expressed by using the past passive participle. It is formed by adding the termination zu to the root. So from the following roots :
हस to laugh हसिय laughed
भण to speak भणिय spoken • पुच्छ to ask
greget asked रक्ख to protect रक्खिय protected चिंत. to think चिन्तिय thought भक्ख to eat
भक्खिय eaten TS to fall : पडिय fallen 207 In many cases, however, the Sk. form of the past passive participle is changed according to the ordinary rules of phonology. The following are the most important of such forms: गम to go गय कर to do कय, कड दे to give दिन जाण to know नाय आरभ to begin आरद्ध ने to carry नीय छिंद to cut छिन्न• बंध to bind बद्ध मर to die मय लह to obtain लद्ध पय to cook पक्क पास to see दिट्ठ गा to sing गीय नस to vanish न? पविस to enter पविट्ठ पाव 'to obtain पत्त तर to cross तिण्ण चिट्ठ to stand ठिय सुण to hear सुय चव to fall चुय बंध to bind बद्ध हण to kill हय डह to burn दड़ वय to speak वुत्त
208 The PAST PASSIVE PARTICIPLE forms of Sk. formed by the accented suffix -tá and preceded by the vowel -j- are generalised in AMg. so as to give rise to the regular mode of formation. But as in Sk. many of the past participles had assumed the value of nouns and adjectives and were not felt as verbal forms, most of them were directly taken over in AMg. with the necessary phonetic changes.
