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ADMINISTRATION OF KALINGA
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Gūdha-purushas and points out that they were graded into high, low and middle ranks. The Mahābhārata' also mentions the same three classes of the Purushas. They were placed in charge of many people (PE VII) and controlled the Rajjukas, it appears.
PAȚIVEDAKAS-The term means Reporters and are more or less equivalent with the Chāras mentioned in the Arthaśāstra.?
VACHABHUMIKAS-It means Inspectors of Cowpens who were evidently charged with the superintendence of vraja referred to in the Arthaśāstra.?
LIPIKĀRAS-These were the Royal scribes, one of whom Chapada is mentioned by name in MRE II.
DŪTAS-They are referred to in Rock Edict XIII and indicates Envoys. If the Kautilya is to be believed, they were divided into three classes, viz, Nisrishțārthāḥ or Plenipotentiaries, Parimitārthaḥ or Chargé-d'affaires and Sāsanahāras or Conveyers of Royal Writ.
AYUKTAS—They find mention in the Separate Kalinga Edicts. In the early post-Mauryan and Scythian Ages, Ayuttas appear as village officials. In the Gupta Age, they figure as officers in charge of vishayas or districts and also as functionaries employed in the restoration of the wealth of conquered kings. The full designation was Ayuktapurushas. They may be included under the generic name of Pulisā referred to above.
1. II, 5, 74. 2. P. 38, Qtd. PHAI, p. 320. 3. Pp. 59.60 ; also PHAI, p. 321.
4. Qtd. PHAI, p. 321. The Lekha-hiraka of the Harshacharit (II, p. 52 ) may be compared with the Sasa nanahāras,
5. Luder's List No. 1317. 6. E.I., Vol. XV, No. 7, p. 138. 7. Fleet, CII, pp. 8-14.
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