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The General Conception of Knowledge
The other realistic systems do not believe in the theory of representation. They hold that the object is presented to the subject directly. But, the presentation is not one and the same in all systems.
(1) The presentation according to Nyaya means physical grasping. The term upalabdhi used by Gautama, Vätsyäyana and Vacaspati signifies the idea. Udayana his substituted it by paricchitti (measuring) which also denotes the same thing. The Nyaya is very particular about its theory of contact. Cognition means the contact of the soul with the object through mind. The soul, according to Nyaya is all-pervading. It is always in contact with the objects far and near. But, that kind of contact is not sufficient for cognition. The contact that results into cognition must be through the mind. The soul is united with the mind, the mind with the senses, and the senses with the object. Thus, in the case of perception it is a four-fold contact. In the case of feelings it is two-fold, i.e. the soul is united with the mind. But, the contact between senses and the object is not same in all the cases. In the perception of a substance it is unity (samyoga). In the perception of gunas it is united-inherence ( samyukta samavaya ). In the case of generality existing in the gunas it is united-inherent-inherence (samyukta sama veta samavāya). In the cognition of sound it is inherence. In the case of generality existing in the sound it is inherent-inherence (samaveta samavāya). In the cognition of non-existence it is merely a qualification (viseṣaṇata ). Though the Naiyayika is very particular in establishing some short of physical contact between subject and the object; yet, his theory of six-fold contact is so generous that it can establish the contact anywhere.
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The MImamsaka also supports the theory of contact and all-pervasiveness of the soul. But, his idea of knowledge is different from the Nyaya, He holds knowledge not as grasping
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| SR No. | 006738 |
| Book Title | Jaina Epistemology |
| Original Sutra Author | N/A |
| Author | Indra Chandra Shastri |
| Publisher | Parshwanath Vidyapith |
| Publication Year | 1990 |
| Total Pages | 516 |
| Language | English |
| Classification | Book_English |
| File Size | 21 MB |