________________
THE SCIENCE OF THOUGHT.
57
(iii) Dharma (virtue or righteousness) is the cause of pain, because it resides in man. (Inconsistent with Scripture according to which dharma is the cause of happiness.)
(iv) Z is the son of a barren woman, because she has never conceived (inconsistent with the proposition itself).
Drştântâbhâsa occurs when a drștânta is not an appropriate illustration. This is of two kinds :
(i) Sâdharmya or anvaya drştântâbhâsa and (ii) Vaidharmya or vyatireka drstântâbhâsa.
The Sådharmya fallacy arises when a negative illustration is given in place of an affirmative one.
Illustration. There is no sarvajñya (omniscient being), because he is not apprehended by the senses, like a jar.
[The illustration should have been of something not perceivable with the senses.]
The raidharmya is the opposite of the sâdharmya.
Illustration. Kapila is omniscient, because he is beset with desires, like the arhanta (Tirthankara).
[Here the comparison should have been with some one who became omniscient without giving up his desires, not with the Arhanta who is absolutely desireless.]
Every illustration has reference to either the sâdhya, or Sadhana, or both. This gives us three forms of the anvaya and three of the vyatireka drstântâbhâsa.
Jain Education International
For Private & Personal Use Only
www.jainelibrary.org
