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-METHOD OF COMPARISON
It should be noted that every rule of practice does not give rise to a logical inference, no matter how long so ever it might have been observed and how strictly so ever followed. For instance, if a particular person has been known for the last fifty years to pass my door every morning without a single exception we cannot inser from this fact that he will for a certainty pass by my house tomorrow also, for there are a thousand and one reasons which might prevent his doing so. This shows that the true logical rule, dermed viyapti in Sanskrit, is something in the nature of a law which has not only held good in the past but which must hold good also in the future. A mere rule of practice will not do bere.
There are five kinds of logical relations with reference to which it is possible to have a fixed rule (vydpti) giving rise to logical inference. These are :
(1) Cause and Effect, (2) Antecedence and Consequence, (3) Concomitance, (4) Whole and Part, and
(5) Identity. These five kinds of relationships hips give rise to seven kinds of inferences, as follows :(1) From cause to effect, e. g.
Moist fuel is burning in the kitchen ;
There is smoke in the kitchen. (2) From effect to cause e. g.,
There is smoke here. ::
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