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Bhagavai 3:1:35-36 2. By the act of unenlightened austerity (sūtra 35), the ascetic practising unenlightened austerity (sūtra 36)
Here the expression bāla (unenlightened) has been used to denote 'deluded world-view', and non-abstinence. The austerity devoid of enlightened world-view is called bălatapa, and the practitioner of such austerity is called bālatapasvi. There are four reasons that lead to birth in heaven. Out of them, the third is unenlightened austerity. Even though the austerity practised by Tāmali was free from any kind craving or desire for reward, it was within the domain of unenlightened austerity on account of the absence of enlightened world-view. 3. Wakeful thought about the transitoriness of things
Acquisition of things is impermanent. Reflection on such nature of things is wakeful thinking about their transitoriness. 4. Lofty etc.,
See Bhäsya on Bha. 2.64. 5. Heretical asetic (Pāşandastha)
A person ordained as an ascetic is pāşandastha. Tāmali was a hermit. There were five kinds of ascetics; one among them was called hermit (Tāpasa).So Tāmali had association with ascetics. Tāmalī took consent of these ascetics who are ditthābhattha. He also took consent of those householders who were his old associates, that is, who were acquainted with him in his householder's life. He also took the consent of those who were acquainted with him during his ordained life. From all these descriptions, it follows that Tāmalī was not initiated by any guru. Had he any guru, he would have sought his permission for fasting. Skandaka fasted with the approval of Lord Mahāvīra (Bha. 2.67). In the present account, there is no mention of the consent of any guru or ācārya. 6. Preparation for fasting unto death
See Bhāsya on Bha. 2.49.
The points of difference between undertaking the fasting unto death by Skandaka and the same by Tāmalī are as follows -
Skandaka
Tāmali
1. spreading grass on an earthen slab Marking out a spot of his body's length 2. in crossed leg posture 3. chanting namostu twice 4. undertaking the great vows
The nivartana ksetra (marked out spot) - It is a kind of measurement. The
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