Apbhramsa Grammar and Composition

SR No.: 006531
Original Sutra Author: N/A
Author: Kamalchand Sogani
Publisher: Apbhramsa Sahitya Academy
Publication Year: 2005
Total Pages: 294
Language: English
Classification: Book_English & Grammar
File Size: 8 MB

Page 115

Thus, for the consturction of Instrumental Singular from the a-ending, (Masculine and Neuter) Nouns. 'em', ‘ņa', and 'ņam' suffixes are added to them, and on adding ‘ņa’ andóņam', the a of a-ending nouns is changed into 'e' (Narinder/ Narindena/Narindeņam) (Kamalem/Kamalena/Kamalenam). In the Singular of a-ending Feminine Nouns 'e' suffix is added, and on adding 'e' suffix à is changed into 'a' also (Sasae/Sasae). The Third Person Pronoun, Instrumental Singular (Masculine) and the Third Person Pronoun, Instrumental Singular (Feminine) are inflected like a-ending Masculine and a-ending Feminine Nouns as above. The rest, First Person and Second Person Pronouns should be learnt in the above mentioned manner. (B) For the construction of Instrumental Plural of a-ending
Masculine and Neuter Nouns and a-ending Feminine Nouns. 'him' suffix is added to them. In adding 'him' suffixes the a of a-ending nouns is changed into 'e' and á also. (Narindahim/Narindehim/Narindāhim; Kamalahim/Kamalehim/Kamalähim). For the construction of Instrumental Plural of the First Person, Second Person and Third Person Pronoun also “him' suffix is added to them. In adding him to the three Personal pronouns 'a' is changed into 'e'and only in the Third Person Pronoun 'a' is changed into 'a' and 'a' is changed into 'a' also. (Amha-Amhehim, Tumha+Tumhehim, Ta- Tehim/Tahim/Tähim Ta-Tåhim/Tahim).
If the Verb is Intransitive, the Past Participle also takes the Impersonal Form. For changing the Past Participle into the Impersonal Form, the Subject is changed into the Instrumental Singular or Plural and the Participle will always be inflected in the Nonimative Case Neuter Gender Singular Number. All the above Verbs are Intransitive. This type of Impersonal form does not exist in English.
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Apabhrarsa Grammar and Composition