Shu Vidyut Sachit Teukay Che

SR No.: 005303
Original Sutra Author: N/A
Author: Mahendramuni
Publisher: Anekant Bharati Prakashan
Publication Year: 2005
Total Pages: 312
Language: Gujarati
Classification: Book_Gujarati
File Size: 13 MB

Page 151

(4) Molecules of water are mostly confined to the lowest layer called
the troposphere. (5) There is a significant amount of Ozone (0) gas in the height
range 30 to 50 kilometers. (c) Satish K. Gupta, op. ct., Pages 137, 138
“The Atmosphere and its Electricty The earth's atmosphere extends upto about 400 km above the surface of the earth. The electrical properties of the atmosphere goes on changing, as one goes up from the surface of earth. On the basis of these electric properties, the earth's atmosphere has been divided into following four layers : 1. Troposphere, 2. Stratosphere, 3. Mesophere, 4. Ionosphere The electrical properties and the phenomena occurring in the atmosphere are mainly due to troposphere and stratosphere. The troposphere extends up to 12 km from the surface of earth, while the stratosphere extends from 12 km to about 50 km from the surface of the earth. The earth is good conductor of electricity and at low altitude, atmosphere is poor conductor of electricity. The small conductivity of the atmosphere is due to the ionisation produced by the high energy particles of the cosmic rays, which are constantly hitting the earth from the outer space. The conductivity of space is greatly influenced by the presence of dust particles and by the humidity conditions. However as we to up, the conductivity of the atmosphere goes on increasing. At the top of stratosphere i.e. at a distance of 60 km from the surface of the earth, the atmosphere is quite a good conductor of electricity. The electrical phenomena in atmosphere take place between the surface of earth (acting as one conducting layer) and the top of the stratosphere (acting as the other conducting layer), which are separated by a thick atmosphere of varying conductivity. The two layers form a spherical capacitor of large capacitance. Now, we state a few experimentally observed facts about electrical properties of atmosphere :
At ground level, there is a downward electric field of about 102 V m all over the earth. This goes on decreasing with height. At 10 km above the surface of earth, it becomes quite small, while at end, it is negligible. There is potential difference of the order of 4 x 10% V between the surface of earth and that of the stratosphere. Most of the potential difference occurs at low altitudes.
2.
138