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31945. ) Nyāya-Kusumānjali as to the validity of both the major and middle terms, for, it is not certain that Buddha was devoid of passions and gave his own flesh to the hungry. (7) Apradars'ita-Vyatireka
Sound is non-eternal because it is produced, as ether. Here, though there is an invariable separation between 'produced' and 'eternal', yet it has not been shown in the proper form such as 'whatever is not produced is not non-eternal, as ether. Really speaking there is nothing wrong with the example; the fault rather lies in the way of expressing the statement as in the case of Apradars'ita-Anvaya. (8) Viparita-Vyatireka
Sound is non-eternal because it is produced; whatever is not produced is not non-eternal, as ether. Here the example has been put in a contrary way, the proper form being "Whatever is not non-eternal is not produced, as ether. ( 9 ) Avyatireka
This person is not devoid of passions because he is a speaker: whoever is devoid of passions is not a speaker, e. g. a piece of stone. Here, though a piece of stone is both 'devoid of passions' and 'not a speaker", yet there is no invariable separation between 'devoid of passions' and 'a speaker.'
Anvaya implies the existence of Sadhya in the presence of Sadhana whereas Vyatireka, the nonexistence of Sadhana in the absence of Sadhya.
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