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Parikṣāmukham
धूमवांश्चायमिति वा ॥ ४८ ॥
48. Dhumavänśchāyamiti vā.
तस्मादग्निमान् धूमवांश्चायं ॥ ४९ ॥
49. Tasmādagnimān dhūmavānśchāyaṇ.
स्पष्टतया प्रकृत- प्रतिपत्तेरयोगात् ॥ ५० ॥
50. Spaṣṭataya prakrita-pratipatterayogāt.
46. The fallacy of Bala-prayoga consists of absence of one of the five limbs (of syllogism).
47. This place is full of fire as it is full of smoke. Where there is smoke there is fire. As for example, a kitchen.
48. Or, this is full of smoke.
49. So it is full of fire and it is full of smoke.
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50. As clear understanding of the real thing is not established from it.
Commentary
In Chapter III, the five limbs of syllogism have been described. These are as follows:
1. This hill is full of fire (Pratijñā ).
2.
Because it is full of smoke (Hetu ).
3. Whatever is full of smoke is also full of fire, as a kitchen (Udāharaṇa).
4. So is this hill full of smoke (Upanaya).
5. Therefore, this hill is full of fire (Nigamana).
It has been mentioned in that Chapter, that only the first two are really necessary for inference, the last three being only used to convince children.
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Fallacy in using syllogism to convince children arises if we do not mention all the five limbs of syllogism; e. g. if we mention
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