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Parikṣāmukham
The Naiyayikas following Gautama also mention "Udaharaṇa is illustration following a mention of universal concomitance, e. g. whatever is full of smoke is full of fire as a kitchen. This is Sadharmya Udaharaṇa. Whatever is not full of fire is not full of smoke as a lake. This is an example of Vaidharmya Udāharaṇa1."
हेतोरुपसंहार उपनयः ॥ ५० ॥
50. Hetorupasamhāra upanayaḥ.
50. Upanaya is the application (asserting the existence) of the Hetu (in the Dharmi after a knowledge of concomitance).
Commentary
Upanaya is the description of the undoubted existence of the Hetu (e. g. smoke) in the Paksa (e. g. mountain) in concomitance2.
We have already mentioned the five parts of Anumana as adopted by Gautama viz. Pratijñā, Hetu, Udaharaṇa, Upanaya and Nigamana. Upanaya or application is used after Dristanta e. g. "So is this hill full of smoke."
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51. Pratijñāyāstu nigamanam.
51. Nigamana is the (conclusion) of the Pratijñā.
Jain Education International
1. “ व्याप्तिपूर्वकदृष्टान्तवचनमुदाहरणम् । यथा यो यो धूमवान सावसावग्निमान् यथा महानसः । इति साधम्र्योदाहरणम् । यो योऽग्निमान्न भवति स स धूमवान्न भवति यथा महाहृदः । इति वैधम्र्योदाहरणम् ।" Nyaya-dipika. Prakaśa III. 2. " हेतोः साध्यधर्मिणि उपसंहरणमुपनयः ।”
3. " प्रतिज्ञाहेतूदाहरणोपनयनिगमनान्यवयवाः ।”
Pramāṇa-naya-tattvālokālaṁkāra, III. 47.
Nyayasutra of Gautama.
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