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Naya-karnikā
their differences, since they are not all alike, some being large, some small, some of red colour, some of black, some belonging to A, some to B, and so on.
THE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE NON-DISTINGUISHED (NAIGAMA) STANDPOINT (NAYA):
नैगमो मन्यते वस्तु तदेतदुभयात्मकम् ।
निर्विशेषं न सामान्यं विशेषोऽपि न तद्विना ॥ ५ ॥
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naigamo manyate vastu tad etad ubhayatmakam | nirviseṣam na sāmānyam viseṣo'pi na tad vina || 5
[naigamo the non-distinguished (standpoint); manyate regards, considers; vastu an object, thing; tad etad those, aforesaid; ubhayātmakam possessed of both (specific and general properties); nirviseṣam devoid of-without specific property; na not; sāmānyam the general property; viseșo the specific property; api also; na not; tadvinā without that, i.e., general property ]. The non-distinguished (naigama), regards an object as possessing both the aforesaid (general and specific) properties; (because) no particular thing in nature is possessed of a general property unaccompanied with some specific property, nor even of a specific property unaccompanied with the general one common to its class. 5.
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EXPLANATION: -Naigama (naigama=na+eka+gama -naiko gamo yasyeti - na = not, eka = one, gama: aspect, view, standpoint) means that which does not consider (only) one aspect, that is, which regards both the sāmānya and viseșa. This aspect of naigama is true, because sāmānya is not irrelative of viseșa or vice In the third verse we saw that all objects are possessed of both general and specific properties.
versa.
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