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Furthermore, studying during an inappropriate time is prohibited. The concept of an inappropriate time for study has been discussed. The limits of study among monks and nuns have been defined. There is a description of the types of food intake: Kavalahari, Alpahari, and Unodari. Rules for the conduct of the Acharya and Upadhyaya in the Bihar have been laid down. There is a detailed discussion of the methods of criticism and atonement. The rules and regulations regarding the residence, study, conduct, and organization of the nuns have been discussed. The author of this work is believed to be Shrutakevali Bhadrabahu.
To understand the profound secrets of the Agam literature, various commentaries have been created. This vast body of Agam commentary can be divided into five parts: (1) Niyuktis (Nijjutti), (2) Bhashyas (Bhas), (3) Chuniyas (Chunni), (4) Sanskrit commentaries, and (5) Commentaries written in vernacular languages.
The first commentaries written in Prakrit language, known as Niyuktis, are famous. In Niyuktis, instead of commenting on every verse of the original text, the focus is primarily on explaining technical terms. Its style is that of the Niksepa method, which has been highly favored in jurisprudence. In the Niksepa method, after presenting multiple possible meanings of a single verse, the inappropriate meanings are rejected, and the appropriate meaning is accepted. The renowned German scholar, Sharpeentier, defined Niyukti as follows: "Niyuktis serve only as an index to their main part. They briefly mention all the detailed events." Bhadrabahu is considered the author of Niyuktis. We have written extensively about who he was in other introductions. Ten Niyuktis of Bhadrabahu are available. Among them is the Dasashrutaskandhaniyukti.
The Dasashrutaskandhaniyukti begins with salutations to the first Shrutakevali Bhadrabahu, followed by a description of the rights of the ten studies. The first study, Asamadhisthan, discusses the relationship between dravya and bhava samadhi, and describes fifteen Niksepas: the name of the place, establishment, dravya, area, faith, upward, conduct, residence, restraint, acceptance, warrior, immovable, counting, institution (sanghan), and bhava. The second study considers four Niksepas, starting with the name Shabala. The third study analyzes Ashatana. The fourth study, while considering the Niksepa perspective on "Gani" and "Sampada," states that Gani and Guni are synonymous. Prachar is the first Ganisthan. Sampada has two divisions: dravya and bhava. The body is dravya sampada, and conduct is bhava sampada. The fifth study considers the Niksepa perspective on chitta samadhi. There are four types of samadhi. When the mind is free from attachment and aversion, and is absorbed in focused attention, then it is bhava samadhi. The sixth study considers the Niksepa perspective on the Upasaka and the image. There are four types of Upasaka: dravyopasaka, tadarthopaasaka, mohopaasaka, and bhavopaasaka. Only one whose life is illuminated by the light of Samyagdarshan can be a Bhavopaasaka. Here, the eleventh [60] ...