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## Chapter 3-4: Unfavorable Times for Study
**1. Thunder and Lightning:** Thunder and lightning are often caused by seasonal changes. Therefore, the period from the Parda constellation to the Swati constellation is not considered unfavorable for study.
**2. Nirdhaat:** If there is a loud thunderclap in a cloudless sky, or if there is thunder and lightning in a cloudy sky, then there is an unfavorable period for study for two praharas (approximately 3 hours).
**3. Yupaka:** In the bright fortnight (Shukla Paksha), the first, second, and third days are called Yupaka, when the light of the evening and the moon combine. During these days, one should not study until night.
**4. Yakshadeepta:** When there is a flash of light in a particular direction, followed by a faint light after a short interval, it is called Yakshadeepta. One should not study until the Yaksha-like light disappears from the sky.
**5. Dhumika Krishna:** From Kartik to Magh (October-February), the time is considered the gestation period for clouds. During this time, a fine, water-like mist of a smoky color falls, which is called Dhumika Krishna. One should not study until this mist stops falling.
**6. Mihika Shweta:** In winter, a fine, water-like mist of white color falls, which is called Mihika. One should not study until this mist stops falling.
**7. Raj Udghāt:** Due to wind, dust spreads throughout the sky. One should not study until the dust settles.
These ten reasons are related to unfavorable times for study due to atmospheric conditions.
**8. Audarik (Related to Living Beings):**
**9. Bones, Flesh, and Blood:** If bones, flesh, and blood of a five-sensed animal are visible, then one should not study until these items are removed. Commentators consider a radius of 60 hands (approximately 90 feet) around the location of these items as unfavorable for study. Similarly, the presence of bones, flesh, and blood of a human being is also considered unfavorable for study. However, the unfavorable period for these is considered to be 100 hands (approximately 150 feet) and lasts for one day and night.
**10. Menstruation:** The unfavorable period for study during a woman's menstruation is three days.
**11. Birth of a Child:** The unfavorable period for study after the birth of a boy is seven days, and for a girl, it is eight days.
**12. Impurity:** One should not study until the sight of excrement and urine is removed.
**13. Cremation Ground:** The area around a cremation ground, up to 100 hands (approximately 150 feet) in all directions, is considered unfavorable for study.
**14. Lunar Eclipse:** During a lunar eclipse, one should not study for eight praharas (approximately 12 hours) for a minor eclipse, twelve praharas (approximately 18 hours) for a medium eclipse, and sixteen praharas (approximately 24 hours) for a major eclipse.
**15. Solar Eclipse:** During a solar eclipse, one should not study for eight praharas (approximately 12 hours) for a minor eclipse, twelve praharas (approximately 18 hours) for a medium eclipse, and sixteen praharas (approximately 24 hours) for a major eclipse.