Disclaimer: This translation does not guarantee complete accuracy, please confirm with the original page text.
## Summary of the First Uddeshak of Vyavahar Sutra (Sutras 1-14, 15-18, 19, 20-22, 23-25, 26-30)
**Criticism:**
* If a monk criticizes another without deceit, after observing the *prāyaścitta* (penance) for one to six months, once or multiple times, he incurs a *prāyaścitta* of the same duration.
* If the criticism is deceitful, he incurs one month more *prāyaścitta*.
* If the *prāyaścitta* is for six months or more, the *prāyaścitta* remains six months.
* If a monk, while undergoing *prāyaścitta*, criticizes another with any of the four *cāubhangī* (types of criticism), he should be accused after completing the *prāyaścitta*.
**Parivārika and Aparivārika Monks:**
* *Parivārika* and *aparivārika* monks should not sit, stay, or engage in activities together.
* If necessary, they can do so with the permission of the *sthavira* (elders).
* If a *parivārika* monk is capable, he should serve while undergoing penance.
* If he is not capable, he can abandon penance with the permission of the *sthavira*.
* He should not travel or stay anywhere for the sake of wandering.
* He can stay longer due to illness or other reasons.
* Otherwise, he can stay for one night only.
**Returning to the *Gaccha* (Order):**
* If an *ekalavihārī* (solitary monk), *ācārya* (teacher), *upādhyāya* (preceptor), *gaṇāvacchedaka* (leader of a group), or ordinary monk wishes to return to the *gaccha*, he should be accepted after undergoing penance or *ched* (purification).
* If *pārśvasthā* (those who have deviated from the path) and others wish to return and have some remaining *samyama* (self-control), they should be accepted after undergoing penance or *ched*.
**Other Situations:**
* A monk who wears the clothes of the opposite gender due to specific circumstances incurs no *prāyaścitta* other than criticism.
* A monk who abandons *samyama* and accepts the life of a householder, and wishes to return, incurs no *prāyaścitta* other than a new initiation.
**Criticism of *Akṛtyasthāna* (Wrong Conduct):**
* If a monk needs to criticize *akṛtyasthāna*, he should:
1. Approach his *ācārya* or *upādhyāya*.
2. In their absence, approach another *bahuśruta* (learned) monk of his *gaccha*.
3. In their absence, approach a *bahuśruta* monk or *ācārya* of another *gaccha*.
4. In their absence, approach a *bahuśruta* monk who is only wearing the robes.
5. In their absence, approach a *bahuśruta* *śramaṇopāsaka* (lay follower) who has abandoned initiation.
6. In their absence, approach a *samyagdṛṣṭi* (right-seeing) or *samabhāvi* (equanimous) *jñānī* (knower) and accept the *prāyaścitta* himself.