Disclaimer: This translation does not guarantee complete accuracy, please confirm with the original page text.
[16] The cause of the origin of the Jiva-Jiva-Abhigamsutra is the act of "vartana" (activity). The abandonment of the previous state and the adoption of the subsequent state is the result. The act of "parispandana" (pulsation) is the action, and the relationship of "jyeshtatva" (seniority) and "kanishtatva" (juniority), "paratva" (exteriority) and "aparatva" (interiority) is the state.
There is no consensus among all the Acharyas regarding the acceptance of time as an independent substance. Some Acharyas consider it an independent substance, while others say that time is not an independent substance, but rather the flow of the states of Jiva and other substances.
The argument of the Acharyas who consider time as an independent substance is that just as Jiva and Pudgala, despite having the nature of motion and rest, are considered as "nimitta-karana" (instrumental cause) for that action, in the same way, Jiva and Ajiva, despite having the nature of "paryaya-parinaman" (state transformation), should be considered as "nimitta-karana" for that transformation. Otherwise, there is no logic in considering "dharma-astikaya" and "adharma-astikaya" as instrumental causes. This view is accepted in the Digambara tradition.
The argument of the side that does not consider time as an independent substance is that "paryaya-parinaman" is the action of Jiva and Ajiva, which happens without the influence of any other substance. Therefore, in reality, the collection of states of Jiva and Ajiva should be called time. Time is not an independent substance. Both these views are mentioned in the Svetambara tradition.
Thus, the ten "arupi ajiva" (formless non-living) should be understood as: "skandha, desha, pradesha" of "dharma-astikaya"; "skandha, desha, pradesha" of "adharma-astikaya"; and "skandha, desha, pradesha" and "addha-samaya" of "akasha-astikaya".
Four types of "rupi ajiva" (formful non-living) are mentioned: "skandha, desha, pradesha" and "paramanu-pudgala".
Due to the infinity of "pudgala-skandha", the plural form is used in the original text. As it is said, "The 'pudgala-astikaya' is infinite due to the substance."
The "skandha-desha" are the divisions of "skandha" that are conceived by intellect, such as "dvi-pradeshi" (two-dimensional). The "skandha-pradesha" are the undivided parts that are found in the "skandha". The "pudgala-paramanu" is the independent undivided part that is devoid of "skandha-parinaman" (transformation of "skandha"). The meaning is that the "paramanu" that are connected to "skandha" or "desha" are "pradesha", and the "paramanu" that are independent of "skandha" or "desha" are "paramanu-pudgala".
The only "pudgala" substance is "rupi ajiva". These "pudgala" transform into five colors, two smells, five tastes, eight touches, and five substances.
The "Prajnapanasutra" mentions the options that arise due to the mutual relationship of these colors, smells, tastes, touches, and substances. It is relevant to mention them briefly here.
It is as follows: There are 20 "boles" (combinations) in the substances that have five colors: black, green, red, yellow, and white - 2 smells, 5 tastes, 8 touches, and 5 substances. Therefore, there are 20 x 45 = 100 types of "varna-ashrita" (color-based).
There are 23 "boles" in the "surabhi-gandha" (pleasant smell) and "durabhi-gandha" (unpleasant smell) - 5 colors, 5 tastes, 8 touches, and 5 substances. Therefore, there are 23 x 42 = 46 types of "gandha-ashrita" (smell-based).
1. "Damvano nam puggalatthikae nam pranate /"