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## 152 [Jiva-Jiva-Abhigamsutra]
**Tiryak-Yoni (lower animal realm) males can remain in their male form continuously from the lowest (Jghanya) to the Antarmuhurta (a very short time) without abandoning their masculinity. After death, they attain a different state of existence (Gatyantar) or a different state of knowledge (Vedantar).**
**From the highest (Utkarhsa) to the Pre-Koți-Pruthaktva (a very long time), they can remain for a maximum of three Pal-Yopamas (a very long time).**
**Seven of these existences are in the Pre-Koți lifespan, including the Videha (liberated) state, and the eighth existence is in the Deva-Kuru and Uttara-Kuru realms, where the lifespan is three Pal-Yopamas.**
**In this way, they can remain in the same form for a period of time equal to a Pal-Yopamas and Pre-Koți-Pruthaktva (many Pre-Koți).**
**From the lowest (Jghanya) to the Pre-Koți-Pruthaktva, the Jal-Char-Parusha (aquatic animal) male should be understood as being reborn repeatedly, two, three, or four times.**
**From the lowest (Jghanya) to the Antarmuhurta, and from the highest (Utkarhsa) to the Pre-Koți-Pruthaktva, the Chatush-Pad-Sthal-Char (quadruped) male should be understood in the same way as the previously mentioned Tiryak male.**
**From the lowest (Jghanya) to the Antarmuhurta, and from the highest (Utkarhsa) to the Pre-Koți-Pruthaktva, the Ur-Parisarp (snake) and Bhuj-Parisarp (lizard) Sthal-Char males should be understood in the same way as the previously mentioned Jal-Char male.**
**From the lowest (Jghanya) to the Antarmuhurta, and from the highest (Utkarhsa) to the Pre-Koți-Pruthaktva, the Khechar (flying animal) male should be understood as being reborn for a period of time equal to an innumerable fraction of a Pal-Yopamas.**
**Seven of these existences are in the Pre-Koți lifespan, and the eighth existence is in the Antar-Vipadi (intermediate) Khechar male (those who exist for an innumerable fraction of a Pal-Yopamas).**
**The duration of the continuous existence of human males in their form is according to the previously mentioned duration of human females (Vaktanyata).**
**It is as follows: The duration of the continuous existence of a human male in his form, from the lowest (Jghanya) to the Antarmuhurta, and from the highest (Utkarhsa) to the Pre-Koți-Pruthaktva, is a maximum of three Pal-Yopamas.**
**Seven of these existences are in the Maha-Videha (great liberated) state, with a Pre-Koți lifespan, and the eighth existence is in the Deva-Kuru and other realms, with a lifespan of three Pal-Yopamas.**
**In terms of Dharma-Charan (religious practice), the lowest is one time, and the highest is Deshon (a very long time) Pre-Koți.**
**After a lifespan of one year, Charitra-Pratipatti (character development) occurs. Therefore, Deshon is said to be eight years less.**
**In a specific context, the human male in the Karma-Bhoomi (realm of action) can remain continuously in his form from the lowest (Jghanya) to the Antarmuhurta, and from the highest (Utkarhsa) to the Pre-Koți-Pruthaktva, for a maximum of three Pal-Yopamas.**
**This should be understood as being reborn seven times in the Pre-Koți lifespan, and the eighth time in the Bharat-Airavat (human realm) in the Ekant-Sushma-Pare (state of pure consciousness) with a lifespan of three Pal-Yopamas.**
**In terms of Dharma-Charan (religious practice), the lowest is one time (the result of Sarva-Virati (complete renunciation) can also be one time), and the highest is Deshon Pre-Koți.**
**The total duration of Charitra (character) is also the same.**
**The human male in the Bharat-Airavat Karma-Bhoomi can also remain continuously in his form from the lowest (Jghanya) to the Antarmuhurta, and from the highest (Utkarhsa) to the Deshon Pre-Koți, for a maximum of three Pal-Yopamas.**
**This should be understood as being reborn in the Bharat-Airavat realm after being brought from the Videha realm with a Pre-Koți lifespan, and being designated as a Bharat-Kshetriya (belonging to the Bharat realm). This is because the lifespan of the existence is reduced, and the human male is born at the beginning of the Ekant-Sushma-Kal (state of pure consciousness).**
**In terms of Dharma-Charan (religious practice), the lowest is one time, and the highest is Deshon Pre-Koți.**
**This is the summary (Sanchittana).**