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## Unfavorable Times for Study (Anadhyaya)
**3-4. Thunder, Lightning, and Rain:** Thunder, lightning, and rain are generally associated with the natural course of the seasons. Therefore, the period from Ardra to Swati Nakshatra is not considered unfavorable for study.
**5. Nirdhaat:** If there is a loud thunderclap in a cloudless sky, or if there is thunder and lightning in a cloudy sky, then there is an unfavorable period for study for two praharas (approximately 3 hours).
**6. Yupaka:** In the Shukla Paksha (bright fortnight), the first, second, and third days are called Yupaka. This is when the light of the setting sun and the moon combine. During these days, one should not study from the evening until night.
**7. Yakshadeepta:** If there is a flash of light in any direction, like lightning, but it is intermittent and appears at intervals, it is called Yakshadeepta. One should not study as long as this light appears in the sky.
**8. Dhumika Krishna:** From Kartik to Magh (October-February), the time is considered the gestation period for clouds. During this time, a fine, smoky, watery mist falls, which is called Dhumika Krishna. One should not study as long as this mist falls.
**9. Mihika Shweta:** In winter, a fine, white, watery mist falls, which is called Mihika. One should not study as long as this mist falls.
**10. Raj Udghat:** Due to wind, dust spreads throughout the sky. One should not study as long as this dust remains.
These ten reasons are related to the sky and are unfavorable for study. The following ten reasons are related to worldly matters.
**11-12-13. Bones, Flesh, and Blood:** If one sees the bones, flesh, or blood of a five-sensed animal, then one should not study until these things are removed from sight. Some scholars consider it unfavorable for study within a radius of 60 hands (approximately 90 feet) from these things.
Similarly, the bones, flesh, and blood of a human being are also considered unfavorable for study. However, the unfavorable period for these is considered to be within a radius of 100 hands (approximately 150 feet) and lasts for one day and night. The unfavorable period for a woman's menstrual cycle is three days. The unfavorable period for the birth of a child is seven days for a boy and eight days for a girl.
**14. Impurity:** One should not study as long as excrement or urine is visible.
**15. Cremation Ground:** The area within a radius of 100 hands (approximately 150 feet) around a cremation ground is considered unfavorable for study.
**16. Lunar Eclipse:** During a lunar eclipse, one should not study for a minimum of 12 praharas (approximately 18 hours) for a low-level text, 12 praharas for a medium-level text, and 16 praharas for a high-level text.
**17. Solar Eclipse:** During a solar eclipse, one should not study for a minimum of 12 praharas (approximately 18 hours) for a low-level text, 12 praharas for a medium-level text, and 16 praharas for a high-level text.