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## Eleventh Uddeshak ]
[ 243
91 - A monk who praises or approves of those who praise any of the following types of self-inflicted premature death, or any other such death, incurs a Guruchaumasi penance:
1. Falling from a mountain to a visible place and dying,
2. Falling from a mountain to an invisible place and dying,
3. Falling into a ditch, well, etc. and dying,
4. Falling from a tree and dying,
5. Jumping from a mountain to a visible place and dying,
6. Jumping from a mountain to an invisible place and dying,
7. Jumping into a ditch, well, etc. and dying,
8. Jumping from a tree and dying,
9. Entering water and dying,
10. Entering fire and dying,
11. Jumping into water and dying,
12. Jumping into fire and dying,
13. Dying by consuming poison,
14. Dying by being cut by a sword or other weapon,
15. Dying by being strangled,
16. Dying due to the pain of separation,
17. Dying to regain the present existence,
18. Dying by being pierced by an arrow, spear, etc.,
19. Dying by hanging oneself,
20. Dying by being eaten by a vulture.
**Discussion:**
In Bhagavati Sutra, Chapter 13, Uddeshak 7, Sutra 81, and in Thananga Sutra, Anga 2, Uddeshak 4, Sutra 113, these 20 types of death are included in 12 types of death.
Nishith Churni also states that praising any of these twelve types of premature death incurs a Guruchaumasi penance.
The first four deaths - "falling and dying" - are similar, hence they constitute one type of death. The next four deaths - "jumping and falling" - are also similar, hence they constitute another type of death. Similarly, the ninth and tenth deaths constitute one type, and the eleventh and twelfth deaths constitute another type. Thus, instead of twelve deaths, there are four types of death. Adding the remaining eight types of death, such as poison consumption, etc., we get a total of twelve types. However, looking at the original texts, it is clear that jumping and falling are considered the same, and "Maru" and "Bhigu" are not considered separately but are included in "Giri". Thus, the eight types mentioned in the sutras are included in two types - "Giri-Padan, Taru-Padan", and the four types related to water and fire are included in two types. This makes a total of twelve types. Therefore, both twelve and twenty types are valid, one should understand this.
The last two deaths are considered permissible due to specific reasons in Thananga, Anga 2, Sutra 113: 1. Vaihanasamaran, 2. Giddhasprushtamaran. Also, in Acharanga Sutra, Anga 1, Uddeshak 4, there is a provision for accepting Vaihanasamaran for the protection of celibacy.
These twelve or twenty types of premature death are different ways of committing suicide. They are called premature death because they are accepted by knowledgeable people due to their passions. However, if the body is abandoned for the sake of restraint or for the protection of virtue, such as in Vaihanasamaran, or in any other way, it is not considered premature death.
**Explanation of some words:**
Giri - Mah - "Giri" refers to a place where, when someone is standing on a mountain, the place below is visible. "Maru" refers to a place where it is not visible.